Identification of vaccine-derived rotavirus strains in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan, 2012-2015

Kaneko, Mei; Takanashi, Sayaka; Thongprachum, Aksara; Hanaoka, Nozomu; Fujimoto, Tsuguto; Nagasawa, Kinzo; Kimura, Hirokazu; Okitsu, Shoko; Mizuguchi, Masashi; Ushijima, Hiroshi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184067

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Two Rotarix ™ and RotaTeq ™ RV vaccines recently implemented in children's immunisation programs in many countries around the world are highly successful in helping to prevent RV infections (23). Both vaccines have been shown to be successful against commonly circulating genotypes of RVs including G1-4, G9, and P [4], P [6], and P [8] (25). However, as a result of the longterm use of such vaccines, possible vaccine escape strains could be selected in the future (44,45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Sadiq

Bostan

2020

Front. Immunol.

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Group A rotavirus (RVA) is the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhea globally, even with all effective interventions, particularly in developing countries. Among the diverse genotypes of RVA, G1P[8] is a common genotype that has continued to pervade around the world, including Pakistan. Two universally accepted rotavirus vaccines-Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ contain the genotype G1P[8]. The current work was aimed at identifying differences between antigenic epitopes of Pakistan’s G1P[8] strains and those of the two licensed vaccines. We sequenced 6 G1P[8] rotavirus strains previously reported in Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Pakistan in 2015 and 2016 for their outer capsid genes (VP7 and VP4). Phylogenetic analysis was then conducted in order to classify their specific lineages and to detect their association with strains isolated throughout world. Compared with the Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ vaccine strains (G1-lineage II, P[8]-lineage III), our study G1-lineage I, P[8]-lineage IV strains showed 3 and 5 variations in the VP7 epitopes, respectively, and 13 and 11 variations in the VP4 epitopes, respectively. The G1 lineage II strains showed no single amino acid change compared to Rotarix™ (lineage II), but exhibited changes at 2 positions compared to RotaTeq™ (lineage III). So, this has been proposed that these G1 strains exist in our natural setting, or that they may have been introduced in Pakistan from other countries of the world. The distinct P[8]-lineage IV (OP354-like) strains showed twelve and thirteen amino acid variations, with Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ (lineages II and III) strains, respectively. Such findings have shown that the VP4-P[8] component of the G1P[8] strains circulating in Pakistan differs considerably from that of the vaccine viruses compared to that of the VP7-G1. To monitor the long-term effects of vaccines on the emergence of G1P[8] strains with different lineages, routine and successful monitoring of these strains will be crucial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rotaviruses in the family Reoviridae are icosahedral and triple layered viruses with eleven segmented double- stranded RNA (ds-RNA) genome ( 6 , 7 ). All eleven segments express six structural (VP1-VP4, VP6 and VP7) and six non-structural proteins (NSP1-NSP6) ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Sadiq

Bostan

2020

Front. Immunol.

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“…These clusters also contained previously vaccine-derived strains isolated in Brazil, Korea, and Japan. Acute gastroenteritis, caused by vaccine shedding or horizontal transmissions of the vaccine strain have been reported at a higher rate in other countries [ 48 – 50 ]. Further analysis will be necessary to determine whether the observed vaccine strain was as a result of vaccine shedding or horizontal transmission event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rotavirus group A genotype circulation patterns across Kenya before and after nationwide vaccine introduction, 2010–2018

et al. 2020

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Background: Kenya introduced the monovalent G1P [8] Rotarix® vaccine into the infant immunization schedule in July 2014. We examined trends in rotavirus group A (RVA) genotype distribution pre-(January 2010-June 2014) and post-(July 2014-December 2018) RVA vaccine introduction. Methods: Stool samples were collected from children aged < 13 years from four surveillance sites across Kenya: Kilifi County Hospital, Tabitha Clinic Nairobi, Lwak Mission Hospital, and Siaya County Referral Hospital (children aged < 5 years only). Samples were screened for RVA using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and VP7 and VP4 genes sequenced to infer genotypes. Results: We genotyped 614 samples in pre-vaccine and 261 in post-vaccine introduction periods. During the prevaccine introduction period, the most frequent RVA genotypes were G1P [8] (45.8%), G8P [4] (15.8%), G9P [8] (13.2%), G2P [4] (7.0%) and G3P [6] (3.1%). In the post-vaccine introduction period, the most frequent genotypes were G1P [8] (52.1%), G2P [4] (20.7%) and G3P [8] (16.1%). Predominant genotypes varied by year and site in both pre and post-vaccine periods. Temporal genotype patterns showed an increase in prevalence of vaccine heterotypic genotypes, such as the commonly DS-1-like G2P [4] (7.0 to 20.7%, P < .001) and G3P [8] (1.3 to 16.1%, P < .001) genotypes in the post-vaccine introduction period. Additionally, we observed a decline in prevalence of genotypes G8P [4] (15.8 to 0.4%, P < .001) and G9P [8] (13.2 to 5.4%, P < .001) in the post-vaccine introduction period. Phylogenetic analysis of genotype G1P [8], revealed circulation of strains of lineages G1-I, G1-II and P [8]-1, P [8]-III and P [8]-IV. Considerable genetic diversity was observed between the pre and post-vaccine strains, evidenced by distinct clusters.

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“…In Japan, where two live-attenuated oral rotavirus vaccines (Rotarix and RotaTeq) have been used voluntarily since 2011, analysis of 1824 stool samples from children at outpatient clinics with AGE identified the Rotarix vaccine-derived G1P[8] strain in 6 of 372 (1.6%) rotavirus-positive samples and no RotaTeq vaccine-derived strains 16. Wild-type rotavirus strains and other pathogens such as norovirus, Escherichia coli and enterovirus were also detected in two and four of the six samples, respectively, that were positive for the Rotarix vaccine-derived G1P[8] strain 16. The authors concluded that the contribution of the vaccine-derived strains to the children’s symptoms was unclear, although all six had been vaccinated 2–14 days before sample collection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine-derived rotavirus strains in infants in England

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo describe infants with acute gastroenteritis symptoms in primary and secondary care who have the Rotarix vaccine-derived G1P[8] rotavirus strain identified in their stools.DesignThis is a prospective national surveillance conducted by Public Health England (PHE). Rotavirus-positive samples from vaccine-eligible children are routinely submitted to PHE for confirmation, and general practitioners are requested to complete a surveillance questionnaire for all cases. The modified Vesikari Score was used to assess severity of gastroenteritis.SettingEngland, July 2013–September 2016.Results2637 rotavirus strains were genotyped and 215 (8%) identified as the Rotarix vaccine-derived G1P[8] strain. There were no Rotarix vaccine-derived G1P[8] strains detected in unimmunised infants. Rotarix vaccine-derived G1P[8] strains clustered around the time of rotavirus vaccination and were responsible for 82% (107 of 130) of rotavirus-positive samples in 2-month-old infants and 68% (36 of 53) in 3-month-old infants. However, 13 samples were obtained more than 7 weeks after the last vaccination date; 10 of these specimens were from six children who were subsequently diagnosed with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Diarrhoea was the single most common presenting symptom (83.0%) in infants with Rotarix vaccine-derived G1P[8] strains, who were less likely to present with fever, vomiting, dehydration or severe gastroenteritis than infants with wild-type rotavirus infection.ConclusionsRotavirus identified in stools of infants around the time of their routine immunisations is most likely the Rotarix vaccine-derived G1P[8] strain. Infants with undiagnosed SCID at the time of rotavirus immunisation may experience prolonged gastroenteritis symptoms. Most infants with vaccine strains in their stools more than 7 weeks after immunisation had SCID.

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Identification of vaccine-derived rotavirus strains in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan, 2012-2015

Cited by 16 publications

References 37 publications

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Comparative Analysis of G1P[8] Rotaviruses Identified Prior to Vaccine Implementation in Pakistan With Rotarix™ and RotaTeq™ Vaccine Strains

Rotavirus group A genotype circulation patterns across Kenya before and after nationwide vaccine introduction, 2010–2018

Vaccine-derived rotavirus strains in infants in England

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