Identification of ultraviolet transformation products of diclofenac by means of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

Roscher, Jörg; Vogel, Martin; Kärst, Uwe

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.027

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In both mechanisms, energy gained from solar radiation breaks covalent bonds and transforms organic pollutants into more biodegradable and hydrolyzable compounds. There are multiple factors affecting photodegradation, such as the mechanism of degradation (direct or indirect), the chemical structure of pollutant, temperature, pH, depth of surface water, cloud coverage, altitude, latitude, and time of day [20], [89].…”

Section: Photodegradation and Transformation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This behavior was explained as the UV spectrum of DCF shows high-intensity adsorption at 275 nm to >290 nm. Roscher et al [20] observed that although DCF disappears in 3 minutes, eleven different possible TPs formed similar to DCF in structure. The complete mineralization of DCF to CO2 and water through UV irradiation wasn't achieved.…”

Section: Photodegradation and Transformation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the primary need is to understand the fate of DCF and its TPs in the environment after chemical oxidation, photolysis, aerobic, anaerobic, or anoxic treatment approaches. The primary degradation mechanism could be natural sunlight or photolysis due to the photosensitive nature of DCF [19], [20]. The end products regarding photolysis degradation were carbazole derivatives, which were determined as a possible reason for phototoxicity of DCF TPs [19], [21]- [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on diclofenac degradation, transformation products and their fate in the environment

TÜZÜN

KARAPINAR

2022

Pamukkale J Eng Sci

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Diklofenak, insan ve veterinerlik amaçlı yaygın kullanılan ilaçlardan biri olmuştur. Diklofenak'ın çevre ve organizmalar üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerinin ortaya çıkmasıyla, araştırma çalışmaları atıksudan uzaklaştırılmasına yönelmiştir. Atıksu ya da yüzeysel suda mikrogram düzeyindeki derişimlerine rağmen, endokrin sistemini bozabilir, bu da üst düzey organizmaların metabolizmasında dolayısıyla ekosistemde sorunlara yol açabilir. Bu nedenle diklofenakın tüketiminden başlayarak etkin diklofenak arıtımına, deşarj standartlarının belirlenmesine ve su yaşamının üst düzeyde korunmasına kadar uzanan bir yelpazede diklofenak kontrolü için acil önlemler alınmalıdır. Diklofenak ile ilgili diğer bir problem ise, fotoliz ve biyolojik reaksiyonları ile oluşan bozunma ürünlerinin atıksu arıtma tesislerinin çıkışında bulunmasıdır. Bu dönüşüm ürünleri organizmalar için daha fazla tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bu derleme makalesi diklofenakın çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini, birincil diklofenak kaynaklarını, hayvanlar üzerindeki endokrin bozucu etkilerini, insan vücudundaki metabolizmasını, arıtma yaklaşımlarını, biyolojik ve kimyasal bozunma metabolitlerinin türünü veya dönüşüm ürünlerini vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır.Diclofenac has been one of the widely consumed pharmaceuticals for human and veterinary purposes. The research studies are devoted to investigating its removal from wastewater since its adverse effect on the environment and the organisms have been revealed. Despite its microgram level concentrations in the wastewater or water bodies, it could disrupt the endocrine system, which leads to problems in the metabolism of the higher-level organisms and, thereby, the ecosystem. Therefore, urgent measures should be taken to control diclofenac starting from its consumption and extending to the efficient diclofenac treatment, determination of discharge standards, or the high-level protection of aquatic life. Another problem with diclofenac is the degradation end-products that form through photolysis, or biological reactions remain in the wastewater treatment plants' effluent. These transformation products create further threats for the organisms. This review paper aims to emphasize the adverse effects of diclofenac on the environment, the primary diclofenac sources, its endocrine disrupting effects on the animals, metabolism in the human body, treatment approaches, type of biological and chemical degradation metabolites, or transformation products.

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Section: Photodegradation and Transformation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Photodegradation and Transformation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on diclofenac degradation, transformation products and their fate in the environment

TÜZÜN

KARAPINAR

2022

Pamukkale J Eng Sci

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“…Thus, the determination of the DIC trace levels in the biological and pharmaceutical samples is crucial for development and treatment. To date, a wide range of methods have been employed to detect DIC in different kinds of materials such as spectrophotometry [ 4 , 5 ], fluorimetry [ 6 ], HPLC [ 7 , 8 ], GCMS [ 9 , 10 ], LCMS [ 11 ] electrokinetic chromatography [ 12 ], TLC [ 13 ], and electrochemical methods [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Among these numerous analytical techniques, the electrochemical approaches might be thought of as the best ones for DIC measurement in solutions since they are sensitive, selective, cheap, and simple to use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on an Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Chitosan Nanocomposite Carbon Paste Electrode for the Determination of Diclofenac to Control Inflammation

et al. 2023

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A simple and eco-friendly electrochemical sensor for the anti-inflammatory diclofenac (DIC) was developed in a chitosan nanocomposite carbon paste electrode (M-Chs NC/CPE). The M-Chs NC/CPE was characterized with FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM for the size, surface area, and morphology. The produced electrode showed a high electrocatalytic activity to use the DIC in 0.1 M of the BR buffer (pH 3.0). The effect of scanning speed and pH on the DIC oxidation peak suggests that the DIC electrode process has a typical diffusion characteristic with two electrons and two protons. Furthermore, the peak current linearly proportional to the DIC concentration ranged from 0.025 M to 4.0 M with the correlation coefficient (r2). The sensitivity, limit of detection (LOD; 3σ), and the limit of quantification (LOQ; 10σ) were 0.993, 9.6 µA/µM cm2, 0.007 µM, and 0.024 µM, respectively. In the end, the proposed sensor enables the reliable and sensitive detection of DIC in biological and pharmaceutical samples.

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“…TP D255 had a similar structure to that of TP D257 with the difference of two H atoms. There are several reports on the formation of this TP but none of them have been confirmed (Keen et al 2013, Roscher et al 2016, Salgado et al 2013 The formation of TP D213 during UV irradiation was previously not reported. It was mentioned once after γ-irradiation of DICL in aqueous solutions (Homlok et al 2011).…”

Section: Identification Of the Transformation Products Of Diclofenacmentioning

confidence: 90%

Removal of active pharmaceutical ingredients from effluent wastewater by (V)UV irradiation

Krakkó

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Identification of ultraviolet transformation products of diclofenac by means of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

A review on diclofenac degradation, transformation products and their fate in the environment

A review on diclofenac degradation, transformation products and their fate in the environment

A Novel Electrochemical Sensor Based on an Environmentally Friendly Synthesis of Magnetic Chitosan Nanocomposite Carbon Paste Electrode for the Determination of Diclofenac to Control Inflammation

Removal of active pharmaceutical ingredients from effluent wastewater by (V)UV irradiation

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