Identification of two linear plasmids in the actinomycete Planobispora rosea

Polo, Simona; Guerini, Oscar; Sosio, Margherita; Dehb, Gianni

doi:10.1099/00221287-144-10-2819

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The remaining sequences of pGIL01/GIL01 were obtained by 'primer-walking' along the phage DNA, including 'run-off sequencing' of the extremities. Poly(dT) tailing of GIL01 used for the confirmation of the terminal sequences was performed with the calf thymus terminal transferase (Roche) according to the manufacturer's recommendations (Polo et al, 1998). Both extremities of the tailed DNA were amplified using poly(dA) 35 in combination with internal primers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Linear DNA molecules with their extremities linked to proteins are insensitive to specific exonuclease digestion, even after proteinase K treatment (Polo et al, 1998). Exonuclease III catalyses the removal of 59 mononucleotides from the 39-hydroxyl termini of dsDNA, whereas lambda exonuclease is a 59 exonuclease which attacks dsDNA in the 59 to 39 direction.…”

Section: Uv Irradiation Mitomycin C and Nalidixic Acid Induce Gil01 mentioning

confidence: 99%

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pGIL01, a linear tectiviral plasmid prophage originating from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis

Verheust

Jensen²,

Mahillon

2003

Microbiology

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Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis harbours, in addition to several circular plasmids, a small linear molecule of about 15 kb. Sequence analysis of this molecule, named pGIL01, showed the presence of at least 30 ORFs, five of which displayed similarity with proteins involved in phage systems: a B-type family DNA polymerase, a LexA-like repressor, two potential muramidases and a DNA-packaging protein (distantly related to the P9 protein of the tectiviral phage PRD1). Experimental evidence confirmed that pGIL01 indeed corresponds to the linear prophage of a temperate phage. This bacteriophage, named GIL01, produces small turbid plaques and is sensitive to organic solvents, which suggests the presence of lipid components in its capsid. Experiments using proteases and exonucleases also revealed that proteins are linked to the genomes of both pGIL01 prophage and GIL01 phage at their 59 extremities. Altogether, these features are reminiscent of those of phages found in the Tectiviridae family, and more specifically of those of PRD1, a broad-host-range phage of Gram-negative bacteria. Dot-blot hybridization, PFGE, PCR and RFLP analyses also showed the presence of pGIL01 variants in the Bacillus cereus group. INTRODUCTIONBacillus thuringiensis, the most widely used entomopathogenic bacterium, belongs to the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group. This cluster also includes B. cereus sensu stricto, an opportunist organism implicated in food poisoning (Granum & Lund, 1997), Bacillus anthracis, a human and animal pathogen, Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus pseudomycoides, characterized by their rhizoid growth (Nakamura, 1998), and the psychrotolerant Bacillus weihenstephanensis (Lechner et al., 1998). Despite their broad virulence, these bacteria are genetically closely related (their 16S RNA gene sequences share more than 99 % identity) and could be regarded as pertaining to a single species (Ash et al., 1991;Helgason et al., 2000).B. thuringiensis strains produce, during their sporulation, crystal toxins (delta-endotoxins) that are highly toxic to a number of insect larvae belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera, but harmless to vertebrates. Classically, the numerous entomopathogenic B. thuringiensis strains, which have their own specific insecticidal activity, have been classified in different serotypes on the basis of their flagellar antigens. B. thuringiensis serovar (sv.) israelensis is active against dipteran species and is therefore one of the bioinsecticides of choice to control black flies and mosquitoes, both important vectors of human and animal diseases (for a recent review, see Glare & O'Callaghan, 2000).B. thuringiensis sv. israelensis strain H14 has been reported to contain at least eight DNA molecules, including three small (5?4, 6?7 and 7?6 kb) and four large (128, 145, 240 and 350 kb) circular plasmids, and one linear molecule (G. Jensen & L. Andrup, unpublished results). The pathogenicity of this strain only depends on the presence of the 128 kb plasmid which encodes the Cry and Cyt...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Uv Irradiation Mitomycin C and Nalidixic Acid Induce Gil01 mentioning

confidence: 99%

pGIL01, a linear tectiviral plasmid prophage originating from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis

Verheust

Jensen²,

Mahillon

2003

Microbiology

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“…2a, lane 3) or SDS (not shown), suggesting that proteins are attached to the DNA. The terminal proteins of linear replicons of streptomycetes and other actinomycetes were previously proposed to be covalently bound to the 59 ends (Kalkus et al, 1993;Ravel et al, 1998;Polo et al, 1998;Yang et al, 2002;Stecker et al, 2003). As a consequence, the linear plasmid is insensitive to 59-39 exonuclease, but sensitive to 39-59 exonuclease.…”

Section: Proteins Are Attached To the 5 § Ends Of Pal1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Linear plasmids have been described to occur in species of Streptomyces (Hayakawa et al, 1979;Kinashi et al, 1987;Chen et al, 1993;Kinoshita-Iramina et al, 1997;Suwa et al, 2000;Spatz et al, 2002), Rhodococcus (Crespi et al, 1992;Kalkus et al, 1990;Kosono et al, 1997;Shimizu et al, 2001;Stecker et al, 2003;König et al, 2004), Mycobacterium (Picardeau & Vincent, 1997, 1998Le Dantec et al, 2001;Coleman & Spain, 2003), Planobispora (Polo et al, 1998) and Clavibacter (Brown et al, 2002). The size of these linear replicons ranges from 11?7 to more than 600 kb, and most of them have been shown to be capable of conjugative transfer (Meinhardt et al, 1997;Picardeau & Vincent, 1998;Ravel et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of large linear plasmids in Arthrobacter spp. encoding the degradation of quinaldine to anthranilate

et al. 2005

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Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus Rü 61a, which utilizes quinaldine as sole source of carbon and energy, was shown to contain a conjugative linear plasmid of approximately 110 kb, named pAL1. It exhibits similarities with other linear plasmids from Actinomycetales in that it has proteins covalently attached to its 59 ends. Southern hybridization with probes for the genes encoding quinaldine 4-oxidase and N-acetylanthranilate amidase indicated that pAL1 contains the gene cluster encoding the degradation of quinaldine to anthranilate. A mutant of strain Rü 61a that had lost pAL1 indeed could not convert quinaldine, but was still able to grow on anthranilate. Conjugative transfer of pAL1 to the plasmid-less mutant of strain Rü 61a and to Arthrobacter nicotinovorans DSM 420 (pAO1) occurred at frequencies of 5?4610 "4 and 2?0610per recipient, respectively, and conferred the ability to utilize quinaldine. Five other quinaldine-degrading Gram-positive strains were isolated from soil samples; 16S rDNA sequence analysis suggested the closest relationship to different Arthrobacter species. Except for strain K2-29, all isolates contained a pAL1-like linear plasmid carrying genes encoding quinaldine conversion. A 478 bp fragment that on pAL1 represents an intergenic region showed 100 % sequence identity in all isolates harbouring a pAL1-like plasmid, suggesting horizontal dissemination of the linear plasmid among the genus Arthrobacter. INTRODUCTIONBacteria of the genus Arthrobacter are considered to be ubiquitous in soil and have been found to be among the predominant members of culturable communities from several terrestrial subsurface environments (Crocker et al., 2000). Among the explanations advanced for their ubiquity or even predominance in soil are their resistance to desiccation and nutrient depletion, and their nutritional versatility. Arthrobacter spp. utilize a wide and varied range of natural as well as xenobiotic compounds and thus may play a significant role in the mineralization of organic matter in the environment (Cacciari & Lippi, 1987).Arthrobacter nitroguajacolicus strain Rü61a (formerly assigned to the species Arthrobacter ilicis) utilizes quinaldine (2-methylquinoline), a constituent of coal tar, as sole source of carbon and energy (Hund et al., 1990). Degradation via the anthranilate pathway ( Fig. 1) is initiated by the oxidation of quinaldine to 1H-4-oxoquinaldine, catalysed by quinaldine 4-oxidase (Qox). 1H-4-oxoquinaldine 3-monooxygenase subsequently generates 1H-3-hydroxy-4-oxoquinaldine, which undergoes 2,4-dioxygenolytic ring cleavage to form carbon monoxide and N-acetylanthranilate. This unusual mode of ring cleavage is catalysed by a cofactor-less 2,4-dioxygenase that does not share any similarity with aromatic ring cleavage dioxygenases, but seems to belong to the a/b-hydrolase fold superfamily of proteins (Fetzner, 2002). In the next step, an amidase (Amq) catalyses the hydrolysis of N-acetylanthranilate to anthranilate. We have characterized the gene cluster encoding this 'upper part' of th...

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“…Streptomyces hosts carrying the linear plasmids pKSL, pSLA2-L, pSCL1 and SCP1 have been found to carry genes encoding echinomycin, lankacidins, clavulanic acid and methylenomycin, consecutively. Linear plasmids belonging to this class have also been reported in actinomycetes Planobispora, Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Linear plasmids and their replication

Ahsan

Kabir

2013

S.J. Microbiol.

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It is still a common belief that plasmids are circular. However, linear plasmids have been reported to exist more than a decade ago. Two types of linear plasmids are known. One type contains covalently closed ends and are commonly found in Borrelia, the causative agent of tick fever. The other type is characterized by the covalent attachment of proteins at the 5' ends and exists in a number of bacterial genera including Streptomyces, Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium and Planobispora. Recently, a linear plasmid in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi of the Enterobacteriaceae family have been reported for the first time. This paper reviews various postulated mechanisms of replication of linear plasmids and focuses on the components of the replication machinery of linear plasmids studied to date.

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Identification of two linear plasmids in the actinomycete Planobispora rosea

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

pGIL01, a linear tectiviral plasmid prophage originating from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis

pGIL01, a linear tectiviral plasmid prophage originating from Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis

Identification of large linear plasmids in Arthrobacter spp. encoding the degradation of quinaldine to anthranilate

Linear plasmids and their replication

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