Identification of two cardioacceleratory neurons in the isopod crustacean, Ligia exotica and their effects on cardiac ganglion cells

Sakurai, Akira; Yamagishi, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/s003590050165

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, we have made the novel finding, critical for understanding the regulation of the cardiac system, that a branch of the L-cell axon then continues beyond the PO, to the heart. Within the heart, the innervation of the cardiac ganglion by this fiber is consistent with previous descriptions of cardioaccelerator fibers in several crustacean species (Field and Larimer 1975;Maynard 1960;Sakurai and Yamagishi 1998;Yazawa and Kuwasawa 1994).…”

Section: Catecholaminergic Innervation Of the Cardiac Systemsupporting

confidence: 89%

Modulation of an Integrated Central Pattern Generator–Effector System: Dopaminergic Regulation of Cardiac Activity in the Blue CrabCallinectes sapidus

Fort

Březina²,

Miller³

2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Fort, Timothy J., Vladimir Brezina, and Mark W. Miller. Modulation of an integrated central pattern generator-effector system: dopaminergic regulation of cardiac activity in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. J Neurophysiol 92: 3455-3470, 2004; doi:10.1152/ jn.00550.2004. Theoretical studies have suggested that the output of a central pattern generator (CPG) must be matched to the properties of its peripheral effector system to ensure production of functional behavior. One way that such matching could be achieved is through coordinated central and peripheral modulation. In this study, morphological and physiological methods were used to examine the sources and actions of dopaminergic modulation in the cardiac system of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. Immunohistochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) revealed a prominent neuron in the commissural ganglion, the L-cell, that projected a large-diameter axon to the pericardial organ (PO) by an indirect and circuitous route. Within the PO, the L-cell axon gave rise to fine varicose fibers, suggesting that it releases dopamine in a neurohormonal fashion onto the heart musculature. In addition, one branch of the axon continued beyond the PO to the heart, where it innervated the anterior motor neurons and the posterior pacemaker region of the cardiac ganglion (CG). In physiological experiments, exogenous dopamine produced multiple effects on contraction and motor neuron burst parameters that corresponded to the dual central-peripheral modulation suggested by the L-cell morphology. Interestingly, parameters of the ganglionic motor output were modulated differently in the isolated CG and in a novel semiintact system where the CG remained embedded within the heart musculature. These observations suggest a critical role of feedback from the periphery to the CG and underscore the requirement for integration of peripheral (neurohormonal) actions and direct ganglionic modulation in the regulation of this exceptionally simple system.

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Section: Catecholaminergic Innervation Of the Cardiac Systemsupporting

confidence: 89%

Modulation of an Integrated Central Pattern Generator–Effector System: Dopaminergic Regulation of Cardiac Activity in the Blue CrabCallinectes sapidus

Fort

Březina²,

Miller³

2004

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…The peripheral projections of CSO nerves were backfilled (n ¼ 15) by using methods from Croll (1986) and Sakurai and Yamagishi (1998). The head was isolated in PP-LS with CSOs and CNS still attached.…”

Section: General Neuroanatomical Labels Backfillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral sensory cells in the cephalic sensory organs of Lymnaea stagnalis

Wyeth

Croll

2011

J of Comparative Neurology

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The peripheral nervous system in gastropods plays a key role in the neural control of behaviors, but is poorly studied in comparison with the central nervous system. Peripheral sensory neurons, although known to be widespread, have been studied in a patchwork fashion across several species, with no comprehensive treatment in any one species. We attempted to remedy this limitation by cataloging peripheral sensory cells in the cephalic sensory organs of Lymnaea stagnalis employing backfills, vital stains, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. By using at least two independent methods to corroborate observations, we mapped four different cell types. We have found two different populations of bipolar sensory cells that appear to contain catecholamines(s) and histamine, respectively. Each cell had a peripheral soma, an epithelial process bearing cilia, and a second process projecting to the central nervous system. We also found evidence for two populations of nitric oxide-producing sensory cells, one bipolar, probably projecting centrally, and the second unipolar, with only a single epithelial process and no axon. The various cell types are presumably either mechanosensory or chemosensory, but the complexity of their distributions does not allow formation of hypotheses regarding modality. In addition, our observations indicate that yet more peripheral sensory cell types are present in the cephalic sensory organs of L. stagnalis. These results are an important step toward linking sensory cell morphology to modality. Moreover, our observations emphasize the size of the peripheral nervous system in gastropods, and we suggest that greater emphasis be placed on understanding its role in gastropod neuroethology.

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“…In the isopod Ligia exotica, we have recently identified the first and second cardioacceleratory (CA1, CA2) neurons in the CNS and described their central projections and synaptic effects on CG neurons (Sakurai and Yamagishi, 1997). In this study, we revealed morphologically their axonal projections onto the heart muscle by intracellular injection of neurobiotin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…They were collected on Pacific coasts (Izu and Boso Peninsulas, Japan) and kept in the laboratory at ambient temperature. We used semi-intact heart preparations that contained the thoracic ganglia and the heart as described in earlier studies (Yamagishi et al, 1989;Sakurai and Yamagishi, 1997).…”

Section: Animals and Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many investigators have shown that the impulses of these cardioregulatory nerves affect the heartbeat via excitatory and inhibitory synapses on the cardiac ganglion (CG) neurons (in decapods, Terzuolo and Bullock, 1958;Otani and Bullock, 1959;Shimahara, 1969a, b;Matsui et al, 1973;Yazawa and Kuwasawa, 1984a; in a stomatopod, Watanabe et al, 1968Watanabe et al, , 1969 in isopods, Kihara and Kuwasawa, 1984;Yamagishi et al, 1989;Sakurai and Yamagishi, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Cardioacceleratory Neurons of the Isopod Crustacean, Ligia exotica: Visualization of Peripheral Projection onto the Heart Muscle

Sakurai

Yamagishi

1998

Zoological Science

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Innervation of the heart muscle by the cardioacceleratory neurons was morphologically and electrophysiologically examined in the isopod crustacean, Ligia exotica. Intracellular injection of neurobiotin into the first and second cardioacceleratory neurons (CA1 and CA2) revealed their peripheral axonal projections. Inside the heart, the CA1 and CA2 axons ran along the trunk of the cardiac ganglion. Finely arborized branches with many varicosities arose from the axon and projected over the heart muscle. Stimulation of either the CA1 or CA2 axon caused an overall depolarization in the muscle of a quiescent heart. The amplitude of the depolarization increased with increasing stimulus frequency. During stimulation, the membrane resistance of the heart muscle decreased. In a beating heart, the cardioacceleratory nerve stimulation caused multiple effects on the heart muscle activity and the heartbeat. The results suggest that the cardioacceleratory neurons of Ligia exotica regulate the amplitude of the heartbeat (inotropic effect) and the heart tonus (tonotropic effect) via the synaptic contacts on the heart muscle, while the heartbeat frequency (chronotropic effect) is regulated via the synapses on the cardiac ganglion neurons.

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Identification of two cardioacceleratory neurons in the isopod crustacean, Ligia exotica and their effects on cardiac ganglion cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Modulation of an Integrated Central Pattern Generator–Effector System: Dopaminergic Regulation of Cardiac Activity in the Blue CrabCallinectes sapidus

Modulation of an Integrated Central Pattern Generator–Effector System: Dopaminergic Regulation of Cardiac Activity in the Blue CrabCallinectes sapidus

Peripheral sensory cells in the cephalic sensory organs of Lymnaea stagnalis

Cardioacceleratory Neurons of the Isopod Crustacean, Ligia exotica: Visualization of Peripheral Projection onto the Heart Muscle

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