Identification of tsetse attractants from excretory products of a wild host animal, Syncerus caffer

Abstract

Urine from the buffalo, Syncerus coffer, a natural host of the tsetse, has been shown previously to be a potent olfactory attractant for tsetse in the field. The attractant compounds have been found to be extractable into dichloromethane. Fractionation of the extracts by liquid flash chromatography yielded four fractions one of which gave a seven-fold increase in trap catches in the field compared to the control traps. Gas chromatographic and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis of this fraction revealed the presence of seven simple phenols including phenol itself.Resume-L'urine de buffle, Syncerus coffer, un hote naturel de mouche tse-tse, s'est recement montre d'etre un attracteur potentiel d'olfaction pour la mouche tse-tse sur le terrain. Les composes de cet attracteur ont ete trouves extractable dans le dichloromethane. Le fractionnement de ces extraits par le liquide chromatographique a donne quatre fractions dont l'une d'elles, placee dans les pieges de capture a permis de recolter sept fois plus de mouches que les pieges-controles. L'analyse de cette fraction par gaz chromatographique et par gaz chromatographique associe a la masse spectrometrique a revele la presence de sept phenols simple comprenant le phenol lui-meme.

Ammonia attracts the haematophagous bug Triatoma infestans : behavioural and neurophysiological data on nymphs

“…chicken coops and animal stalls. Attractants for tsetsē ies have already been identi®ed in vertebrate urine (Hassanali et al 1986;Owaga et al 1988;Saini 1990).…”

Olfactory responses of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) to the monitor lizard Varanus niloticus niloticus

“…Acetone, l-octen-3-ol (octenol) and carbon dioxide from bovine breath and phenols from urine are potent olfactory attractants for several species of the morsitans group of tsetse (Vale & Hall, 1985;Hassanali et al, 1986;Bursell et al, 1988) and some of these chemicals are now being used as baits with * Address for correspondence: Tsetse Unit, Mbita Point Field Station, ICIPE, PO Box 30, Mbita Point, Homa Bay, Kenya. Fax: 254 385 2290 insecticide-coated targets or untreated traps to control tsetse Dransfield et al, 1990).…”

The response of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) to traps baited with carbon dioxide, 1-octen-3-ol, acetone, butyric acid and human foot odour in Tanzania

“…In recent years, several workers have demonstrated the behavioural significance of chemical compounds as a source of attractants for anthropophilic mosquitoes (Cork, 1996;Cork & Park, 1996;Geier et al, 1996;Knols et al, 1997;Takken et al, 1997). The olfactory stimuli implicated in host location by haematophagous insects to date include carbon dioxide, lactic acid, acetone, butanone, 1-octen-3-ol (henceforth referred to as octenol), phenolic components of urine (Hassanali et al, 1986;Bursell et al, 1988) and short-chain carboxylic acids .…”

“…Octenol and acetone, which were first identified as host attractants for tsetse flies (Hall et al, 1984;Hassanali et al, 1986), have been shown to attract certain mosquito species in the field. The established role of octenol as a kairomone for many mosquito species has been well documented (Kline, 1994).…”