Identification of Transmission Routes of Campylobacter and On-Farm Measures to Reduce Campylobacter in Chicken

Frosth, Sara; Lindsjö, Oskar Karlsson; Niazi, Adnan; Fernström, Lise-Lotte; Hansson, Ingrid

doi:10.3390/pathogens9050363

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…One study using (cgMLST) schemes consisting of 1,140 and 529 genes for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, showed that nearby cattle, contaminated drinking water, water ponds, transport crates, and broiler parent flocks were potential reservoirs of Campylobacter for commercial broilers (Frosth et al, 2020), confirming earlier findings regarding cattle as a potential source (Bull et al, 2006). However, in this study, AMR is not mentioned.…”

Section: E111 Poultry Preharvest Amr Sources and Transmission Routessupporting

confidence: 84%

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla CTX-M , bla VIM , bla NDM , bla OXA-48like , bla OXA-23 , mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required.

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Section: E111 Poultry Preharvest Amr Sources and Transmission Routessupporting

confidence: 84%

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Koutsoumanis¹,

Allende²,

Álvarez‐Ordóñez³

et al. 2021

EFS2

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“…Besides some uncertainties while modelling, control options like vaccination, feed and water additives, and discontinued thinning turned out to lower the risk for C. jejuni/coli load in broiler caeca. The potential of such an approach was recently shown by Frosth et al [23], where the prevalence of Swedish Campylobacter spp. positive flocks could be lowered from 15.4% in 2016 to 4.6% in 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Campylobacter Colonization of Broiler Herds Ante Mortem and Monitoring Campylobacter Contamination Post Mortem by qPCR

2020

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Human campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent zoonosis, with chicken meat contributing substantially to the number of cases. Measures to avoid or at least reduce exposure by meat contaminated with Campylobacter (C.) spp. are needed. With regard to the process hygiene criterion introduced in 2018 for Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses, we evaluated the performance of a recently developed quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for C. jejuni/coli on random caecal samples and chicken meat. With the qPCR on pooled caecal samples not only C. jejuni/coli positive (69.6%) versus negative broiler herds (30.4%) were identified, but herds highly colonized with C. jejuni/coli (39.4%) could also be identified. From the chicken meat samples, 8.0% were positive for C. jejuni/coli by qPCR and 0.7% by enumeration (>10 cfu/g) compared to 58.3% using cultural enrichment. Given the higher sensitivity, the qPCR method could replace the currently used enumeration method to assess the process hygiene criterion for Campylobacter spp. on broiler carcasses. Moreover, with the qPCR, a reliable identification of C. jejuni/coli colonized incoming broiler herds a few days before slaughter is feasible, which provides important information to optimize slaughter processes. Finally, identifying and monitoring herds with high C. jejuni/coli colonization rates could help to individually improve biosecurity measures at farm level, eventually reducing the C. jejuni/coli load on chicken meat.

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“…Several studies provide evidence for a reduced prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in broiler chicken after fly screens had been installed in broiler houses [44][45][46] . This linkage especially applies in mixed farms where cows are housed close to broiler stalls 47 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scaled association between ambient temperature and campylobacteriosis incidence in Germany

Oberheim

Höser

Lüchters

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Campylobacteriosis is the leading bacterial cause of human diarrheal illness worldwide. Campylobacteriosis incidence exhibits seasonality and has been attributed to ambient temperature. However, the role of ambient temperature on campylobacteriosis remains poorly understood. To examine the impact of ambient temperature on local campylobacteriosis in Germany, weekly incidences on NUTS-3 level were analysed using a novel small-scaled approach, regression and time lags. Campylobacteriosis incidence correlated positively with temperatures between − 5 and 28 °C. The sigmoid regression model estimated an incidence increase of 0.52 per 5 °C temperature rise in the observation period. The weekly average of daily minimum temperature was most significant at a time lag of two weeks and showed the steepest incidence increase of 0.13 per 1 °C temperature increase in a temperature corridor of 5.1 to 12.2 °C. The impact of average minimum temperatures on campylobacteriosis incidence is crucial, likely to be indirect and especially relevant in the recent part of the infection chain. Vectors or human behaviour are presumably more directly linked with temperature than the pathogen’s microbiology and should be examined. These variables outweigh the direct temperature-pathogen relationship when the whole chain of infection is considered. In the context of climate change, campylobacteriosis is likely to increase in Germany due to an increased temperature effect.

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Identification of Transmission Routes of Campylobacter and On-Farm Measures to Reduce Campylobacter in Chicken

Cited by 29 publications

References 38 publications

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain

Assessing Campylobacter Colonization of Broiler Herds Ante Mortem and Monitoring Campylobacter Contamination Post Mortem by qPCR

Small-scaled association between ambient temperature and campylobacteriosis incidence in Germany

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