Identification of toxigenic fungal species associated with maize ear rot: Calmodulin as single informative gene

Susca, Antonia; Villani, Alessandra; Moretti, Antonio; Stea, Gaetano; Logrieco, Antonio F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108491

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…A. flavus produces AFBs, whereas A. parasiticus can produce both AFBs and AFGs. Based exclusively on the phylogenetic tree for calmodulin in Aspergillus (Frisvad et al, 2019; Houbraken et al, 2021; Makhlouf et al, 2019; Susca et al, 2020), the species related to A. flavus ( A. aflatoxiformans , A. austwickii , A. cerealis , A. pipericola , A. minisclerotigenes and A. oryzae ) and those related to A. parasiticus ( A. sojae , A. novoparasiticus , A. arachidicola , A. transmontanensis , A. sergii , A. krugeri and A. mottae ) segregate into two distinct groups. For this study, we therefore define the A. flavus clade (AfC) as A. flavus and all the related species listed above, and the A. parasiticus -clade (ApC) as A. parasiticus and all the related species listed above.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two new qPCR assays for detecting and quantifying theAspergillus flavusandAspergillus parasiticusclades in maize kernels

Leharanger,

Paumier,

Orlando

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The fungi of Aspergillus section Flavi mostly produce carcinogenic mycotoxins, aflatoxins (AFs), of two types: types B and G (AFBs and AFGs). AF are highly hazardous for human and animal health. Their levels in food and feed are therefore highly regulated, with a low acceptable limit for AF content. In France, global warming has led to the detection of AFs in maize harvests since 2015. Mycoflora analyses have identified two species, A. flavus (producing AFBs) and A. parasiticus (producing both AFBs and AFGs), as responsible for this AF contamination. However, mycoflora analysis is a time-consuming method that cannot readily be applied to large numbers of samples. We propose here an alternative clade-specific functional TaqMan qPCR method based on the calmodulin gene for distinguishing between the A. flavus clade (AfC) and the A. parasiticus clade (ApC). We applied this method to 553 maize samples collected in three different harvest years (2018 to 2020). Both clades were detected in about 40% of the samples tested. As expected, we observed significant positive correlations between AFBs and AfC DNA (R2=0.708), and between AFGs and ApC DNA (R2=0.885). This method will be useful for the rapid, simple and cheap characterisation of maize grain contamination with Aspergillus section Flavi. This method will make it possible to study the relationship between agroclimatic conditions, AF content and species prevalence, to facilitate the anticipation of AF risks due to global warming in France.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two new qPCR assays for detecting and quantifying theAspergillus flavusandAspergillus parasiticusclades in maize kernels

Leharanger,

Paumier,

Orlando

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Two additional commonly used loci are transcription enhancer factor 1α and β-tubulin (Bruns et al, 1991; Hibbett et al, 2016; Raja et al, 2017; Lücking et al, 2021). Secondary barcodes are also often used to characterize species complexes (Bradshaw et al, 2022)—such as calmodulin for Aspergillus and other species (Susca et al, 2020)—owing to the power of more loci in phylogenetic reconstructions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomics reveals extensive misidentification of fungal strains from the genusAspergillus

Steenwyk

Balamurugan

Raja

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Modern taxonomic classification is often based on phylogenetic analyses of a few molecular markers, although single-gene studies are still common. However, the use of one or few molecular markers can lead to inaccurate inferences of species history and errors in classification. Here, we leverage genome-scale molecular phylogenetics (phylogenomics) of species and populations to reconstruct evolutionary relationships in a dense dataset of 711 fungal genomes from the biomedically and technologically important genusAspergillus. To do so, we generated a novel set of 1,362 high-quality molecular markers specific forAspergillusand provide profile Hidden Markov Models for each, facilitating others to use these molecular markers. Examination of the resulting genome-scale phylogeny: (1) helped resolve ongoing taxonomic controversies and identified new ones; (2) revealed extensive strain misidentification, underscoring the importance of population-level sampling in species classification; and (3) identified novel lineages that may shed light on the early evolution of an important genus. These findings suggest that phylogenomics of species and populations can facilitate accurate taxonomic classifications and reconstructions of the tree of life.

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“…Such a method is not only time consuming but also requires expertise in the field of fungal identification [18]. Recently, speciesspecific PCR primers targeting ITS regions have been designed for the accurate and early identification of fungal species [19,20]. This molecular identification technique allows foe the differentiation of closely related fungal species, which is relatively difficult to achieve through morphological identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control

Alkuwari

Hassan

Zeidan

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Fungal infections in cereals lead to huge economic losses in the food and agriculture industries. This study was designed to investigate the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins in marketed cereals and explore the effect of the antagonistic yeast Cyberlindnera jadinii volatiles against key toxigenic fungal strains. Aspergillus spp. were the most frequent contaminating fungi in the cereals, with an isolation frequency (Fr) of 100% in maize, followed by wheat (88.23%), rice (78.57%) and oats (14.28%). Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the presence of key toxigenic fungal strains in cereal samples, including A. carbonarius, A. flavus, A. niger, A. ochraceus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins (AFs) were detected in all types of tested cereal samples, with a significantly higher level in maize compared to wheat, rice, oats and breakfast cereals. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was only detected in wheat, rice and maize samples. Levels of mycotoxins in cereals were within EU permissible limits. The volatiles of Cyberlindnera jadinii significantly inhibited the growth of A. parasiticus, A. niger and P. verrucosum. The findings of this study confirm the presence of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in cereals within the EU permissible limits and the significant biocontrol ability of Cyberlindnera jadinii against these toxigenic fungi.

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Identification of toxigenic fungal species associated with maize ear rot: Calmodulin as single informative gene

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Two new qPCR assays for detecting and quantifying theAspergillus flavusandAspergillus parasiticusclades in maize kernels

Two new qPCR assays for detecting and quantifying theAspergillus flavusandAspergillus parasiticusclades in maize kernels

Phylogenomics reveals extensive misidentification of fungal strains from the genusAspergillus

Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Cereals and Application of Yeast Volatiles for Their Biological Control

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