Identification of Three Dalbergia Species Based on Differences in Extractive Components

Abstract

Dalbergia cultrate, Dalbergia latifolia, and Dalbergia melanoxylon are precious and valuable traded timber species of the genus Dalbergia. For chemotaxonomical discrimination between these easily confused species, the total extractive content of the three wood species was determined using four different organic solvents. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze functional group differences in the extractive components, inferring the types of principal chemical components according to characteristic peak positions, intensities, and shapes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was carried out a detailed characterization of the extractive components. The relative content of individual chemical components was determined by area normalization. Results revealed differences in the chemical components and total and individual extract contents of the three Dalbergia species, indicating that FTIR and GC-MS spectroscopy can be applied to identify and discriminate between Dalbergia cultrate, Dalbergia latifolia, and Dalbergia melanoxylon.

Molecular level comparison of water extractives of maple and oak with negative and positive ion ESI FT‐ICR mass spectrometry

“…These values were in the range of extraction efficiency of various wood materials. Generally, wood extractives account for 2% to 5% of wood content, even though higher yields could be reached in certain types of wood or by different extractants . For example, Malik and Santoso reported extraction efficiencies in the range of 0.7% to 6.7% for oily keruing wood samples using solutions of water and ethanol in various proportions.…”

“…This was because the higher extractive contents associated with lower crystallinity and lower cellulose crystallite size could accelerate the degradation process . While wood extractives may include an array of compounds (eg, aliphatic, terpenoid, and phenolic) in nature, the detailed characterization of their molecular compositions by advanced instrumental techniques is very limited …”

Flow deformation characteristics of African blackwood, Dalbergia melanoxylon

“…In this study, EB showed a significantly higher extraction rate than WT: 16.12% (EB) and 1.89% (WT) on average ( Table 1). The ethanol/benzene-soluble extractives comprising over 16 wt% of ABW heartwood (Table 1) [22], apparently have a large impact on ABW deformation characteristics.…”

“…The quantity of extractives in ABW heartwood has been estimated to be over 15 wt% in ethanol/benzene (1:2 v/v) solvent extraction, which is much higher than in other Dalbergia species, such as Dalbergia cultrate and Dalbergia latifolia [22]. The high concentrated extractives potentially work to promote flow deformation by heating beyond the thermal softening point of them.…”

“…The high concentrated extractives potentially work to promote flow deformation by heating beyond the thermal softening point of them. Although identification and isolation of extractives obtained from ABW heartwood have been partly reported [22][23][24][25], there is little information about the effect of extractives on the thermal behavior of ABW.…”