Identification of the Upregulation of MRPL13 as a Novel Prognostic Marker Associated with Overall Survival Time and Immunotherapy Response in Breast Cancer

Abstract

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein (MRPL) genes have been reported to participate in many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. Meanwhile, the occurrence rate of breast cancer (BRCA) in China steadily increased. Exploring the prognostic value of MRPL genes in BRCA could provide novel biomarkers for BRCA. In this study, to identify prognosis-related genes in breast cancer, the P value and the hazard ratio (HR) of all genes are analyzed with TCGA database. We revealed higher expression level of CEL, PGK1, WNT3A, USP41, LINC02037, PCMT1, LRP11, MCTS1, TCP1, TMEM31, STK4-AS1, STXBP5, LOC100287036, SLC16A2, MRPL13, DERL1, and TARS was correlated to shorter OS time in BRCA. However, higher expression level of JCHAIN, KLRB1, and TNFRSF14 was correlated to longer OS time in BRCA. The further analysis demonstrated MRPL13 was overexpressed in BRCA. Subtype analysis showed that MRPL13 was overexpressed in luminal, HER2-positive BRCA, and TNBC samples and was highest in TNBC samples. Moreover, we revealed higher expression of MRPL13 was significantly correlated to shorter OS time and higher TMB levels in BRCA. Pan-cancer analysis further revealed the prognostic value of MRPL13 in human cancers. MRPL13 expression was significantly increased in multiple human cancers, such as bladder cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, and prostate cancer. Pan-cancer TMB and overall survival time showed dysregulation of MRPL13 is significantly related to the OS and TMB levels in various cancers. These results further proved that MRPL13 may be a pan-cancer biomarker for predicting prognosis and the response to immunotherapy.

Prognosis and stratification of breast cancer immune infiltration status based on a mitochondria-related gene signature.

“…Another study reported that high MRPL13 is a poor prognostic factor for BC, and it can be used as a molecular marker for prognosis judgment and as a potential therapeutic target [24,44]. It is worth noting that MRGs are associated with the immune response and cell death [45,46], which also proves the reliability and potential to be used as biomarkers of our risk signature.…”

“…[60, 61], MTFHD2 [62], MRPL13 [24,44,45], TP53AIP1 [43] and BCL2A1 [63]), the function of other genes and the underlying mechanism of these 8 MRGs need to be further investigated, and we will conduct corresponding experimental studies in the future.…”

Live or Heat-Killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus Aerosolization Decreases Adenomatous Lung Cancer Development in a Mouse Carcinogen-Induced Tumor Model

“…Xin Feng et al identified a gene signature that includes the J chain gene able to discriminate head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients with better overall survival probability [ 68 ]. Moreover, recent studies revealed that a high J chain expression is associated with better prognosis in sarcoma [ 69 ] and breast cancer patients [ 70 , 71 ]. These data validate our hypothesis that the higher expression of J chain might reflect the activation of a local humoral immunity able to control tumor progression.…”

MRPL27 as a new prognostic biomarker involved in immune cell infiltration and hepatocellular carcinoma progression

“…Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) are important components of mitochondrial translation mechanisms. It has been found that MRPs are highly invasive and metastatic to breast cancer [4][5], colorectal cancer [6] and ovarian cancer [7]. The location of enhanced expression can predict the location of tumor occurrence, which indicates that MRPs are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.…”