Identification of the sources of fecal coliforms in an urban watershed using antibiotic resistance analysis

Whitlock, John E.; Jones, David T.; Harwood, Valerie J.

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(02)00139-2

Cited by 161 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…At the mouth of TC is Town Commons, a major recreational area frequented by citizens whom utilize the water resources for kayaking, fishing and other activities. When urbanization occurs and the land is covered with IS (roads, parking lots, roof tops), rainwater infiltration decreases and runoff increases (Whitlock et al, 2002;Iverson et al, 2017). Pollutants including pathogens from animal waste that collect on hard surfaces may be transported via runoff to storm sewers and eventually receiving waters (Smith & Perdek, 2004).…”

Section: Town Creek and Urban Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Health Threats Associated with Drainage from a Coastal Urban Watershed

Humphrey¹,

Blackmon²,

Kelley³

et al. 2018

ENRR

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The project goal was to determine if stormwater runoff and the legacy effects of leaking underground storage tanks (UST) posed an environmental health threat along an urban stream, Town Creek (TC). Baseflow and stormflow samples were collected from TC between March and October 2016 for physical and chemical characterization and E. coli analyses. Groundwater seeps and wells near the banks of TC were also sampled for E. coli and benzene analyses. Stormflow concentrations of E. coli were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated relative to preceding baseflow and groundwater concentrations. Overall, 80% of stormflow samples and 45% of baseflow samples exceeded the US EPA recommended standards for E. coli in recreational waters. Benzene was detected in all water samples analyzed and 50% of samples collected from a seep on the western bank of TC exceeded the maximum contaminant level. Concentrations of benzene emitted to air from contaminated soil exceeded short term exposure standards 75% of times sampled. Results suggest the drainage from TC may be a threat to environmental health. Implementation of stormwater control measures is suggested to reduce the delivery of runoff and E. coli to TC. Remediation of groundwater contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks is also suggested.

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Section: Town Creek and Urban Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Health Threats Associated with Drainage from a Coastal Urban Watershed

Humphrey¹,

Blackmon²,

Kelley³

et al. 2018

ENRR

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“…A study by Mallin, Williams, Esham and Lowe [55] concluded that the most important anthropogenic factor influencing fecal coliform concentration is percent imperviousness; impervious surfaces such as driveways, parking lots, roads, roofs, and sidewalks concentrate and transport storm runoff pollutants to receiving waters. Other potential anthropogenic sources of FIB contamination include leaks in sewers, septic tanks, or pump stations and spills or overflows of untreated sewage [6,13].…”

Section: Total Urban/developedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Animal waste can enter water bodies from leaking or overflowing waste lagoons or through runoff from fields amended with animal manure [1][2][3][4]. In many watersheds, wildlife such as geese and deer are a significant source of E. coli [5][6][7]. E. coli is also associated with point-source discharges of human wastes such as those which occur at wastewater treatment plants [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relating Watershed Characteristics to Elevated Stream Escherichia coli Levels in Agriculturally Dominated Landscapes: An Iowa Case Study

Brendel

Soupir

2017

Water

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Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) are a leading cause of surface water impairments in the United States. However, the relative impacts of different watershed characteristics on microbial water quality in agriculturally dominated watersheds are unclear. Spatial and statistical analyses were utilized to examine relationships between watershed characteristics and FIB and a multiple regression model was created. Geometric mean E. coli concentration data were obtained for 395 ambient water quality monitoring locations in Iowa. Watersheds were delineated for thirty randomly selected monitoring locations and drainage areas ranged from 93 to 1.1 million hectares. Watershed characteristics examined include area, presence of animal units (open feed lots and confinements), percent of watershed area receiving manure application, presence of point-source discharges, and land cover. The results from the analyses reveal that the presence of animal feeding operations and agriculture, wetland, and woody vegetation land covers are the most influential watershed characteristics regarding E. coli concentration. A significant positive correlation was identified between E. coli concentration and agriculture while significant negative correlations were identified with animal feeding operations and wetland and woody vegetation. Establishing relationships between watershed characteristics and presence of E. coli is needed to identify dominant watershed characteristics contributing to pathogen water impairments and to prioritize remediation efforts.

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“…Therefore, other sources of FIB pollution may have been influencing stream water quality. Research has shown that pets [36], livestock [37], wildlife [38], and various other non-point sources of pollution [39] can contribute significant concentrations of FIB to surface waters. There are some livestock farms upstream from JWS, sparse residential development with OWS, and wildlife such as raccoons, birds, and deer have been seen in riparian areas adjacent to the stream.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Groundwater beneath Two Large On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems

Humphrey

O’Driscoll

Harris

2014

Water

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On-site wastewater treatment systems (OWS) are a common means of wastewater treatment in coastal North Carolina, where the soils are sandy and groundwater is relatively close to the surface (<5 m). Wastewater contains elevated concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms that can contaminate groundwater and surface water if OWS are not operating efficiently and distributing wastewater equally to all drainfield trenches. The objectives of this study were to compare the distribution of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in groundwater beneath a large low-pressure pipe (LPP) OWS and a large pump to distribution box system, and to determine the effectiveness of the systems in reducing FIB including total coliform, E. coli, and enterococci. Monitoring wells were installed at the fronts and ends of the drainfields for sample collection. Groundwater beneath the LPP had a more homogeneous spatial distribution of E. coli and enterococci concentrations and the specific conductivity of groundwater was also more uniform relative to groundwater beneath the distribution box system. Both systems were effective (>99%) at reducing FIB concentrations before discharge to groundwater. Results indicate that the LPP did enhance the distribution of FIB in groundwater beneath the drainfield area relative to the pump to distribution box system. Although the LPP system had a vadose zone over 2 m thinner than the pump to distribution box system, FIB treatment was similar. Enterococci was the most resilient FIB of the three tested.

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Identification of the sources of fecal coliforms in an urban watershed using antibiotic resistance analysis

Cited by 161 publications

References 11 publications

Environmental Health Threats Associated with Drainage from a Coastal Urban Watershed

Environmental Health Threats Associated with Drainage from a Coastal Urban Watershed

Relating Watershed Characteristics to Elevated Stream Escherichia coli Levels in Agriculturally Dominated Landscapes: An Iowa Case Study

Spatial Distribution of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Groundwater beneath Two Large On-Site Wastewater Treatment Systems

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