Identification of the rice syrup adulterated honey by introducing a candidate marker compound for Brown rice syrups

A comprehensive review of the current trends and recent advancements on the authenticity of honey

“…It has been demonstrated that fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose can be quantified using HPLC-RID ( Tosun & Keles, 2021 ). Moreover, HPLC-PAD has been one of the few well-established techniques that enabled identification of C 3 and C 4 sugars, and combined with chemometric tools also enabled detection of adulterants in honey ( Akyıldız, et al, 2022 ). Over the last decade, HPLC systems have evolved towards miniaturization, smaller columns, lower solvent usage, higher pressures, and faster separation of target analytes, which resulted in ultra-high-performance chromatography (UHPLC).…”

“…Over the last decade, HPLC systems have evolved towards miniaturization, smaller columns, lower solvent usage, higher pressures, and faster separation of target analytes, which resulted in ultra-high-performance chromatography (UHPLC). In fact, UHPLC has gained popularity in metabolomics applied to honey authenticity ( Akyıldız, et al, 2022 ). In order to obtain higher-way data arrays (e.g., two-way or three-way) and improve analytical capability, two-dimensional liquid–liquid chromatography 2D (LC × LC) can be used as a suitable tool for the analysis of complex food samples.…”

“…In recent years, raw materials and methods used in honey adulteration have become increasingly sophisticated. It is common to use relevant honey standards as a technical reference for performing adulteration, and common honey adulterants include various syrups, of which the composition is similar to honey, such as high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS), corn syrup (CS), maltose syrup (MS), sucrose syrup (SS), rice syrup (RS), among others ( Akyıldız et al, 2022 , Cagliani et al, 2022 , Huang et al, 2021 ; S. Li et al, 2017 , Qu et al, 2019 ; S. Wang, et al, 2015 ). Among these, HFCS is the most important syrup-based compound used in honey adulteration.…”

“…Adulterated honey obtained from honeybee colonies fed with different levels of sugar syrups (C 3 and C 4 plants) could be identified by carbon isotope ratio analysis ( Guler, et al, 2014 ). In addition, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOF-MS/MS) enable the identification of adulteration markers in honey obtained from bees fed with different sugar syrups, among which can be cited 2-acetylfuran-3-glucopyranoside and sorbic acid ( Akyıldız, et al, 2022 ).…”

Inclusive Overview of Sweeteners Trends: Nutritional Safety and Commercialization

“…Brown rice syrup may be considered better than normal sugars, due to the absence of fructose. Vegans must consult their nutritionist or a certified dietitian about which sweetener is the best for them, or for their particular health condition, and then make the right pick . Brown rice is exceptionally high in manganese, vital for many important processes in the body including bone development, wound healing, muscle contraction metabolism, nerve function and blood sugar regulation.…”