Identification of the Predicted<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:mn>4</mml:mn><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>Level Crossing Optical Lines with Applications to Metrology and Searches for the Variation of Fundamental Constants

Windberger, Alexander; López‐Urrutia, J. R. Crespo; Bekker, Hendrik; Oreshkina, Natalia S.; Berengut, J. C.; Bock, V.; Borschevsky, Anastasia; Dzuba, V. A.; Eliav, Ephraim; Harman, Z.; Kaldor, Uzi; Kaul, Sebastian; Safronova, U. I.; Flambaum, V. V.; Keitel, Christoph H.; Schmidt, Piet O.; Ullrich, J.; Versolato, Oscar

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.114.150801

Cited by 71 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Simple electron structure allows for reliable theoretical predictions of the ion properties, which will tremendously simplify the spectra identification and experimental search for the clock transitions. Most of the systems considered before have either simple electron structure [18][19][20][24][25][26] but not many strong optical transitions, or complicated electron structure (many electrons in open shells) [21,23,27] half life time of 1.3 years. There are many facilities around the globe (Berkeley, Dubna, Darmstadt, RIKEN, etc.)…”

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confidence: 99%

Actinide ions for testing the spatial α -variation hypothesis

Dzuba

Safronova

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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Testing the spatial variation of fine-structure constant α indicated in [Webb et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 191101 (2011)] with terrestrial laboratory atomic measurements requires at least α/α ∼ 10 −19 y −1 sensitivity. We conduct a systematic search of atomic systems for such a test that have all features of the best optical clock transitions leading to possibility of the frequency measurements with fractional accuracy on the level of 10 −18 or better and have a factor of 100 extra enhancement of α-variation in comparisons to experimental frequency ratio measurement accuracy. We identify the pair of actinide Cf 15+ and Es 16+ ions as the best system for a test of spatial α−variation hypothesis as it satisfies both of these requirements and have sufficiently simple electronic structure to allow for high-precision predictions of all atomic properties required for rapid experimental progress.

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confidence: 99%

Actinide ions for testing the spatial α -variation hypothesis

Dzuba

Safronova

et al. 2015

Phys. Rev. A

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“…This includes, e.g. the Ir 17+ ion for which first measurements of the spectra were recently reported [25] confirming the predicted 5s-4f level crossing. The 171 Yb + ions are used by several experimental groups as prospective optical clocks of an exceptional high accuracy [20,21,23,24,35].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…For example, the spectrum of the Ir 17+ ion has been recently measured [25] with the prospect of using the 4f 13 5s 3 F o 4 − 4f 12 5s 2 3 H 6 transition for the time keeping and fundamental research.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the case of several valence electrons we use the configuration interaction (CI) technique [9,28] to construct many-electron states a, b and n in (1). Then we perform direct summation over excited states n. The summation is truncated at sufficiently high states so that the tail contribution is reasonably small.A byproduct of this work is the calculated hyperfine structure of the ground and clock states of specific isotopes of several ions considered for the search of α-variation [4,5,25,34] and the Lorentz invariance violation [11]. This includes, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A byproduct of this work is the calculated hyperfine structure of the ground and clock states of specific isotopes of several ions considered for the search of α-variation [4,5,25,34] and the Lorentz invariance violation [11]. This includes, e.g.…”

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Hyperfine-induced electric dipole contributions to the electric octupole and magnetic quadrupole atomic clock transitions

Dzuba

Flambaum

2016

Phys. Rev. A

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Hyperfine-induced electric dipole contributions may significantly increase probabilities of otherwise very weak electric octupole and magnetic quadrupole atomic clock transitions (e.g. transitions between s and f electron orbitals). These transitions can be used for exceptionally accurate atomic clocks, quantum information processing and search for dark matter. They are very sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model, such as temporal variation of the fine structure constant, the Lorentz invariance and Einstein equivalence principle violation. We formulate conditions under which the hyperfine-induced electric dipole contribution dominates. Due to the hyperfine quenching the electric octupole clock transition in 173 Yb + is two orders of magnitude stronger than that in currently used 171 Electric octupole (E3) and magnetic quadrupole (M2) atomic optical transitions, which correspond to transitions between s and f electron orbitals, can be used as optical clocks of exceptionally high accuracy [1][2][3][4][5]. They also present unique opportunities for fundamental research by being sensitive to new physics beyond the Standard Model. The transitions are very sensitive to the temporal variation of the fine structure constant α (α = e 2 /hc) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], to the local Lorentz invariance (LLI) violation [11], the effect of dark matter [12][13][14][15][16][17][18], etc. For example, the 4f 14 6s 2 S 1/2 − 4f 13 6s 2 2 F o 7/2 transition in Yb + offers opportunities for frequency measurements with fractional accuracy ∼ 10 −18 [1]. The work is in progress in many laboratories [19][20][21]. Measuring the ratio of frequency of this transition to the frequency of the 4f 14 6s 2 S 1/2 − 4f 14 5d 2 D 3/2 transition in the same ion put the strongest limit on the temporal variation of the fine structure constant and (by including the Cs hyperfine transition) on the proton-to-electron mass ratio [8,9,[22][23][24]. The use of the electric octupole transition in Yb + for the search of LLI violation may lead to five orders of magnitude improvement over current best bounds on the LLI violation in the electron-photon sector [11].Many similar opportunities come with the use of optical transitions in highly-charged ions (HCI) [2][3][4][5]10]. For example, the spectrum of the Ir 17+ ion has been recently measured [25] with the prospect of using the 4f 13 5s 3 F o 4 − 4f 12 5s 2 3 H 6 transition for the time keeping and fundamental research.Electrical octupole and magnetic quadrupole transitions are very weak, typical linewidth can be as small as few nHz. This may lead to certain difficulties in the measurements. In this paper we demonstrate that the electric dipole transition (E1) induced by hyperfine interaction can be significantly larger than the electric octupole or magnetic quadrupole transitions. Therefore, choosing right isotope might be important for the measurements.At least one or more of the following conditions is needed for the domination of the hyperfine-induced E1 transitions.• The hyperfine mixin...

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Beyond the PresentSI: Optical Clocks and Quantum Radiometry

2019

The New International System of Units (SI)

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Identification of the Predicted5s−4fLevel Crossing Optical Lines with Applications to Metrology and Searches for the Variation of Fundamental Constants

Cited by 71 publications

References 41 publications

Actinide ions for testing the spatial α -variation hypothesis

Actinide ions for testing the spatial α -variation hypothesis

Hyperfine-induced electric dipole contributions to the electric octupole and magnetic quadrupole atomic clock transitions

Beyond the PresentSI: Optical Clocks and Quantum Radiometry

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