Identification of the Plant Origin of Propolis from Jeju Island, Korea, by Observation of Honeybee Behavior and Phytochemical Analysis

Flavonoid and Antioxidant Capacity of Propolis Prediction Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy

“…As far as antioxidant activity is concerned, the closest ABTS values to those found in this study were found in Turkish propolis [ 20 ]. Finally, the results of the antioxidant capacity determined by the linoleic acid/ β -carotene method of this study are in line with those found in various locations in China [ 19 ], and similar to those found by Kumazawain countries such as Argentina [ 23 ], Australia, Chile, China, and Hungary, which are higher than propolis values from Brazil [ 26 ] and Korea [ 27 ].…”

“…The presence of flavones and dihydroflavones is determined by spectrophotometric methods by means of the reaction with 3.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP) andpinocembrin as a reference [ 12 , 14 , 15 ]; however, the use of chromatographic techniques should also be stressed [ 12 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. On the other hand, the determination of the antioxidant capacity in propolis is measured by using the inhibiting activity of the ABTS (2.2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] and the linoleic acid/ β -carotene radical [ 19 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ], withTrolox as a method of reference. These methods are specific to each compound and time-consuming; and they need important amounts of polluting solvents, while NIR technology is known for being a multiparametric, rapid, and non-destructive technique.…”

Flavonoid and Antioxidant Capacity of Propolis Prediction Usingnear Infrared Spectroscopy

“…In the same manner, the inhibiting capacity of linoleic acid/β-carotene is greater inChile (54.7-88.1% inhibition), in this case followed by Galicia (72.7-83.3% inhibition),and the lowest value occurs in Castilla y León (21.6-82.2% inhibition).The values found for flavones and flavonolswere in generalhigher than those found in Chinese samples [19],by authors who used quercetin as a reference, while the values of this study are lower than those found in propolis from Mexicowhen using rutin as a reference [13]. For the contents of flavanones and dihydroflavonolsresults found in Spanishpropolissamples are higher than those found in propolis from Mexico [13], Portugal [15], and Argentina [25].As far as antioxidant activity is concerned, the closest ABTS values to those found in this study were found in Turkish propolis [20].Finally, the results of the antioxidant capacitydetermined by thelinoleic acid/β-carotene method of this study are in line with those found in various locations inChina [19], and similar to those found byKumazawain countries such as Argentina [23], Australia, Chile, China, and Hungary, which are higher than propolis values fromBrazil [26] andKorea [27], (Table 1).…”

“…The determination offlavanones anddihydroflavonolsin propolis by means of spectrophotometric methods [14]is based on the reaction of these compounds to 3.4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP) to obtain coloured yellowphenylhydrazone usingpinocembrin as a reference [12,15].As for the individualised quantification of these compounds, it is carried out by chromatography [12,[16][17][18].The antioxidant capacity of raw propolis can be determined by various methods. In numerous studies therefore the inhibiting activity of the ABTS radical is measured usingTroloxas a reference [19][20][21][22].In the same manner the determination of the antioxidant capacity, measured as an inhibiting activity of the linoleic acid/β-carotene radical using Trolox as a method of reference, has been applied to determination in propolis by the authors [19,[23][24][25][26][27].NIR spectrometry could hence be an effective and rapid method for the quality determination of propolis. However, there are few studies evaluating the potential of near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) for quantitative analysis of propolis.…”

Bioactive compounds in bee propolis for drug discovery

“…Eight new chalcones and nineteen known compounds were isolated, and the structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic analyses (Figure 3). Moreover, we identified the plant origin of propolis from Jeju Island as Angelica keiskei by the observation of honeybee behavior and phytochemical analysis [12]. EEPJ had the promotion effect on NGF secretion in human glioblastoma T98G cells.…”