Identification of the optimal control characteristics of a small hydropower plant using artificial neural networks and the support vector machines method

Borkowski, Dariusz

doi:10.1080/00221686.2018.1522378

Cited by 3 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The network inputs are the guide vane angle, discharge, and turbine speed, while the output is the turbine efficiency. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the learned network has to be similar to the uncertainty of the efficiency, which is usually approximately 1.5% [26]. The normalised discharge can be approximated by a linear function of speed n, where the slope and intercept coefficients are functions of the guide vane angle.…”

Section: Run-of-the-river Hydropower Plant Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The network inputs are the guide vane angle, discharge, and turbine speed, while the output is the turbine efficiency. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the learned network has to be similar to the uncertainty of the efficiency, which is usually approximately 1.5% [26]. A high MAE leads to model inaccuracy, but the MAE should not be too low to avoid the problem of overfitting (good fit on training points but poor generalisation).…”

Section: Run-of-the-river Hydropower Plant Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high MAE leads to model inaccuracy, but the MAE should not be too low to avoid the problem of overfitting (good fit on training points but poor generalisation). The presented model based on the hill diagram is useful in practice because this diagram can be taken from the model acceptance test (according to IEC 60193) during the turbine design process or identified for a real hydropower plant [26].…”

Section: Run-of-the-river Hydropower Plant Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…diagram is useful in practice because this diagram can be taken from the model acceptance test (according to IEC 60193) during the turbine design process or identified for a real hydropower plant [26]. The model of the hydro scheme channels needs to include the changes in water level depending on the river flow.…”

Section: Run-of-the-river Hydropower Plant Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Run-of-the-River Hydro-PV Battery Hybrid System as an Energy Supplier for Local Loads

2021

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Hybrid hydro energy systems are usually analysed with pumped hydro storage systems, which can facilitate energy accumulation from other sources. Despite the lack of water storage, run-of-the-river hydropower plants are also attractive for hybrid systems owing to their low investment cost, short construction time, and small environmental impact. In this study, a hybrid system that contains run-of-the-river small hydro power plants (SHPs), PV systems, and batteries to serve local loads is examined. Low-power and low-head schemes that use variable-speed operation are considered. The novelty of this study is the proposal of a dedicated steady-state model of the run-of-the-river hydropower plant that is suitable for energy production analysis under different hydrological conditions. The presented calculations based on a real SHP of 150 kW capacity have shown that a simplified method can result in a 43% overestimation of the produced energy. Moreover, a one-year analysis of a hybrid system operation using real river flow data showed that the flow averaging period has a significant influence on the energy balance results. The system energy deficiency and surplus can be underestimated by approximately 25% by increasing the averaging time from day to month.

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Section: Run-of-the-river Hydropower Plant Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The network inputs are the guide vane angle, discharge, and turbine speed, while the output is the turbine efficiency. The mean absolute error (MAE) of the learned network has to be similar to the uncertainty of the efficiency, which is usually approximately 1.5% [26]. A high MAE leads to model inaccuracy, but the MAE should not be too low to avoid the problem of overfitting (good fit on training points but poor generalisation).…”

Section: Run-of-the-river Hydropower Plant Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Run-of-the-river Hydropower Plant Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Run-of-the-river Hydropower Plant Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Run-of-the-River Hydro-PV Battery Hybrid System as an Energy Supplier for Local Loads

2021

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“…This process is laborious and requires precise measuring devices, which cannot be financially justified in small hydropower plants. To solve this problem, a method dedicated to the identification of the characteristics of an energy conversion system and the optimal operation curve was proposed in [44]. The main advantage of this method is the possibility of carrying out precise identification experiments with limited available measurement points.…”

Section: Based On the Hill Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Small Hydropower Plants with Variable Speed Operation—An Optimal Operation Curve Determination

Borkowski

Majdak

2020

Energies

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In recent times, much attention has been paid to small hydropower plants (SHPs) with variable speed operation and different control techniques. Control complexity in SHPs is mainly caused by specific steady-state features of the water turbine, the long time constants of the hydraulic system and significant seasonal and/or aging-related deterioration in the system performance. This paper presents the most important features of the turbine model from a control point of view. It classifies control techniques for SHPs with variable speed operation in terms of the turbine type and SHP function (run-of-the-river and reservoir). Furthermore, various control methods are analysed taking into account the complexity of the method, dynamics, adaptability and applicability. The novelty of this study is the proposal of a simple, universal analytical formula, which, based on the basic dimensions of the turbine, determines the optimal operating curve. The proposed formula is verified on a real SHP 150 kW by comparison with measurements in the form of operational characteristics. The analysis of the annual energy production confirms the effectiveness of the approximation precision, yielding only 1% production losses, and shows an advantage of variable speed over constant speed in annual energy production of 16%.

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Alternative Solutions for Small Hydropower Plants

et al. 2022

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Obtaining energy from renewable resources is a worldwide trend in the age of increasing energy demand. Hydropower has some potential in this field, especially for low-power locations. However, construction of such facilities requires high expenses, which is why some attempts at lowering the costs have been made, i.e., by proposing alternative solutions to the classic ones. This paper proposes a selection of options for small hydropower plants (SHP) that lower the investment costs while keeping up profitable operations. The proposed solutions concern simplifying the turbine’s and generator’s integration by installing them in dedicated prefabricated concrete modules. A rare but simple and cheap semi-Kaplan type of turbine with a non-classical spiral inflow is proposed. The turbine operates a permanent magnet (PM)-excited generator, converting the energy at a variable rotational speed. Thanks to this approach, it is possible to simplify the regulation system and eliminate expensive mechanical transmission. However, on the power grid side, a power electronic converter (PEC) must be coupled with the generator. The advantage of this solution compared to the classical ones is that the reliability of power electronics is much higher than that of mechanical systems. This paper presents modeling research on semi-Kaplan turbines’ series development, and a dedicated PM generator is presented as an example of a complete hydro unit with 50 kW power.

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Identification of the optimal control characteristics of a small hydropower plant using artificial neural networks and the support vector machines method

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Run-of-the-River Hydro-PV Battery Hybrid System as an Energy Supplier for Local Loads

Run-of-the-River Hydro-PV Battery Hybrid System as an Energy Supplier for Local Loads

Small Hydropower Plants with Variable Speed Operation—An Optimal Operation Curve Determination

Alternative Solutions for Small Hydropower Plants

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