Identification of the Lymphatic Drainage Pattern of Esophageal Cancer with Near-Infrared Fluorescent Imaging

Schlottmann, Francisco; Barbetta, Arianna; Mungo, Benedetto; Lidor, Anne O.; Molena, Daniela

doi:10.1089/lap.2016.0523

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Up until now, several studies have investigated the complexity of EC lymphogenic-hematologic metastasis patterns [ 3 – 5 ]. Clearly, EC locoregional and expected distal metastasis features have been widely studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic Review

Shaheen

Ghibour

Alsaid

2017

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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The most common pattern of esophageal cancer metastases (ECM) is to the lymph nodes, lung, liver, bones, adrenal glands, and brain. On the other hand, unexpected metastasis (UM) spread to uncommon sites has increasingly reported and consequently affected the pathway of diagnosis, staging, and management. Using the PubMed database, a systematic search of the following headings “Esophageal” and “Metastasis” or “Metastases” was performed, 10049 articles were identified, and the articles were included if they demonstrated unexpected ECM. 84% of cases were men with an average age of 60.7 years. EC was located in the lower third in 65%. Two-thirds of the UM originated from the lower esophagus, and the two major histological types were adenocarcinoma 40% and squamous cell carcinoma 60%. Metastases were disseminated toward five main anatomical sites: the head and neck (42%), thoracic (17%), abdomen and pelvis (25%), extremities (9%), and multiple skin and muscle metastases (7%). The EC metastases were found to be synchronous 42% and metachronous 58%, isolated in 53.5% and multiple in 46.5%. The overall survival rate was 10.2 months. Since distant metastases are responsible for most EC-related deaths, understanding of ECM dissemination patterns needs more extensive studies. These critical data are the cornerstone of optimal cancer approach and treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Esophageal Cancer Metastases to Unexpected Sites: A Systematic Review

Shaheen

Ghibour

Alsaid

2017

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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“…The overall lymph node status correlated with the status of the sentinel lymph node in all cases. In another recent study, 9 patients had a peritumoral injection of ICG for lymphadenectomy during esophagectomy . There were 34 lymph node metastases in 3 patients.…”

Section: Clinical Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative fluorescence imaging in thoracic surgery

Newton

Predina

Nie

et al. 2018

Journal of Surgical Oncology

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Intraoperative fluorescence imaging (IFI) can improve real-time identification of cancer cells during an operation. Phase I clinical trials in thoracic surgery have demonstrated that IFI with second window indocyanine green (TumorGlow ) can identify subcentimeter pulmonary nodules, anterior mediastinal masses, and mesothelioma, while the use of a folate receptor-targeted near-infrared agent, OTL38, can improve the specificity for diagnosing tumors with folate receptor expression. Here, we review the existing preclinical and clinical data on IFI in thoracic surgery.

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“…Larger lymphatic vessels run along the length of the esophagus and drain into the left gastric, celiac, and phrenic nodes. This anatomy is of great interest to surgeons when esophageal junction cancer is detected, as metastasis through the lymphatics to these nodes may necessitate lymphadenectomy (Schlottmann, Barbetta, Mungo, Lidor, & Molena, 2017). The edema‐limiting role of lymphatics within the esophagus is not specifically known to be of clinical relevance.…”

Section: Vascular Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%