Identification of the Key Factors Related to Bladder Cancer by lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Three-Layer Network

Abstract

Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system, and it has high incidence, high degree of malignancy, and easy recurrence after surgery. The etiology and pathogenesis of bladder cancer are not fully understood, but more and more studies have shown that its development may be regulated by some core molecules. To identify key molecules in bladder cancer, we constructed a three-layer network by merging lncRNA-miRNA regulatory network, miRNA-mRNA regulatory network, and lncRNA-mRNA coexpression network, and further analyzed the topology attributes of the network including the degree, betweenness centrality and closeness centrality of nodes. We found that miRNA-93 and miRNA-195 are controllers for a three-layer network and regulators of numerous target genes associated with bladder cancer. Functional enrichment analysis of their target mRNAs revealed that miRNA-93 and miRNA-195 may be closely related to bladder cancer by disturbing the homeostasis of the cell cycle or HTLV-I infection. In addition, since E2F1 and E2F2 are enriched in various KEGG signaling pathways, we conclude that they are important target genes of miRNA-93, and participate in the apoptotic process by forming a complex with a certain protein or transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding in bladder cancer. Similarly, AKT3 is an important target gene of miRNA-195, its expression is associated with PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, we speculate that AKT3 may participate in proliferation and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells through these pathways, and ultimately affect the biological behavior of tumor cells. Furthermore, through survival analysis, we found that miRNA-195 and miRNA-93 are associated with poor prognosis of bladder cancer. And the Kaplan-Meier curve showed that 24 mRNAs and nine lncRNAs are closely related to overall survival of bladder cancer.

Comprehensive analysis of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network for bladder cancer

“…The findings provide significant insight into the molecular mechanisms. Compared to Lyu et al (24) and Wang et al (25) studys, we not only investigated the Immune infiltration status between bladder cancer and normal tissue, we also explored the correlation expressed between the mRNA in BC ceRNA network and immune cells. Furthermore, we explored the immune cell types that significantly influence bladder cancer prognosis.…”

Identification and validation of an immune-related gene pairs signature for three urologic cancers

“…Patients with bladder [ 36 ], prostate [ 37 ] and kidney cancer [ 38 ] have substantial risk for relapse, even after surgical resection. The use of various adjuvant therapies, particularly in early-stage patients, remains disputable [ 39 ].…”

Identification of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network in Bladder Cancer by Bioinformatics Analysis

“…Studies have reported that many environmental factors are important causes of BCa, and exposure to these environmental pollution factors causes influences in many important pathways [46]. Not only mRNAs but also many circRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs will be affected by environmental factors, and the pathways they lead or participate in will also be inhibited or promoted, thus causing the occurrence and development of bladder cancer [47][48][49]. In this study, we identified some potential circRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathways which may inhibit the tumorgenesis and progression of BCa, while the environmental carcinogens and other harmful stimuli may destroy the stability of these tumor suppressor pathways and then induce the occurrence or progression of BCa.…”