“…In this intricate mechanistic scenario, a further level of complexity is added by the discovery that CCM proteins modulate distinct redox-sensitive signaling pathways and mechanisms, including pro-oxidant and antioxidant pathways and autophagy (Gibson et al, 2015, Goitre et al, 2010, Goitre et al, 2014, Guazzi et al, 2012, Marchi et al, 2015), and are implicated in molecular and cellular responses to oxidative stress and inflammatory stimuli (Corr et al, 2012, Goitre et al, 2014). However, besides adding mechanistic complexity, these innovative research findings have also provided a potential integrative explanation for the pleiotropic effects of CCM protein dysfunctions, shedding new light on the mechanisms of CCM pathogenesis and opening new perspectives for disease prevention and treatment ( see Sections below for details ).…”