Identification of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves during open inguinal hernia repair: a nationwide register-based study

Abstract

Background Chronic pain remains prevalent after open inguinal hernia repair and nerve-handling strategies are debated. Some guidelines suggest sparing nerves that are encountered; however, the nerve identification rates are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the nerve identification rates in a register-based nationwide cohort. Methods This study was reported according to the RECORD guideline and used prospective, routinely collected data from the Danish Hernia Database, which was linked with the National Patient Registry. We included patients ≥ 18 years old, undergoing Lichtenstein hernia repair with information on nerve handling of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves. Results We included 30,911 open hernia repairs performed between 2012 and 2022. The ilioinguinal nerve was identified in 73% of the repairs and the iliohypogastric nerve in 66% of repairs. Both nerves were spared in more than 94% of cases where they were identified. Female patient sex, emergency and recurrence surgery, general anesthesia, medial and saddle hernias, and large defect size all result in lower nerve identification rates for both nerves. Conclusion The Ilioinguinal nerve was recognized in 73% of cases, while the iliohypogastric nerve was recognized in 66% with almost all identified nerves being spared during surgery. Several pre- and intraoperative factors influenced identification rates of the ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerve.