Identification of the glial cell types containing carnosine-related peptides in the rat brain

Marchis, Silvia De; Melcangi, Roberto Cosimo; Modena, Chiara; Cavaretta, Ilaria; Peretto, Paolo; Agresti, Cristina; Fasolo, Aldo

doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(97)00800-8

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…These results are in accord with in vivo studies demonstrating that the dipeptides are not present in all glial cells (Fig. 4), but are restricted to subpopulations of mature astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (Biffo et al, 1990;De Marchis et al, 1997). Among astrocytes, carnosine-LI is highly expressed in typical stellate-shaped cells, in the glial coverage of blood vessels formed by their processes, and in certain cell populations which are remnants of radial glia, such as the cerebellar Bergmann glia (Biffo et al, 1990), or display a radial glial-like morphology such as certain glial cells in the hypothalamic supraoptic nuclei (not shown; see Fig.…”

Section: Carnosine-related Dipeptides In Glial Cellssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…4C and D). On the other hand, in vitro experiments carried out on primary cultures of mixed glia or cultures selectively enriched in astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, revealed the presence of carnosine in oligodendrocytes only (De Marchis et al, 1997;Fig. 5).Moreover, in the enriched cultures, which contain oligodendrocytes at different maturation stages, only a small subset of cells were immunoreactive.…”

Section: Carnosine-related Dipeptides In Glial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). In recent studies carried out in vivo on the brain of adult rats (De Marchis et al, 1997) it has been pointed out that the carnosine-LI `glial-like'' cells frequently fall into two different morphological types: stellate-shaped, process-bearing cells, reminiscent of the astrocytic morphology, and round-shaped cells with apparently unstained processes. By using double labelling techniques with glial markers, it has been shown that the process-bearing cells actually are astrocytes ( Fig.…”

Section: Carnosine-related Dipeptides In Glial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carnosine-related dipeptides in the mammalian brain

Bonfanti

Peretto

Marchis

et al. 1999

Progress in Neurobiology

186

107

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-Carnosine and structurally related dipeptides are a group of histidine-containing molecules widely distributed in vertebrate organisms and particularly abundant in muscle and nervous tissue. Although many theories have been proposed, the biological function(s) of these compounds in the nervous system remains enigmatic. The purpose of this article is to review the distribution of carnosine-related dipeptides in the mammalian brain, with particular reference to some cell populations wherein these molecules have been demonstrated to occur very recently. The high expression of carnosine in the mammalian olfactory receptor neurons led to infer that this dipeptide could play a role as a neurotransmitter/modulator in olfaction. This prediction, which has not yet been fully demonstrated, does not explain the localization of carnosine-related dipeptides in other cell types, such as glial and ependymal cells. A recent demonstration of high carnosine-like immunoreactivity in the subependymal layer of rodents, an area of the forebrain which shares with the olfactory neuroepithelium the occurrence of continuous neurogenesis during adulthood, supports the hypothesis that carnosine-related dipeptides could be implicated in some forms of structural plasticity. However, the particular distribution of these molecules in the subependymal layer, along with their expression in glial/ependymal cell populations, suggests that they are not directly linked to cell migration or cell renewal. In the absence of a unified theory about the role of carnosine-related dipeptides in the nervous system, some common features shared by different cell populations of the mammalian brain which contain these molecules are discussed.

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Section: Carnosine-related Dipeptides In Glial Cellssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Carnosine-related Dipeptides In Glial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Carnosine-related Dipeptides In Glial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carnosine-related dipeptides in the mammalian brain

Bonfanti

Peretto

Marchis

et al. 1999

Progress in Neurobiology

186

107

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“…Both carnosine and homocarnosine are present, the former abundant in olfactory receptor neurons of the nasal cavities, the latter also detectable in the brain, where these substances are prevalently associated with cells of the glial lineage [3,7,10]. In a recent study, the localization of carnosine-LI has been described in the SEL of rodents, associated with both astrocytes of the glial tubes and migrating neuroblasts [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Aminoacyl-histidine dipeptides in the glial cells of the adult rabbit forebrain☆,1

et al. 2000

Self Cite

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The mammalian nervous system contains high amounts of the aminoacylhistidine dipeptides carnosine and homocarnosine. In the brain, they prevalently occur mainly in glial and ependymal cells, their role(s) still remaining obscure. In vitro studies indicate that these molecules exert diverse protective effects, and in vivo they are frequently associated with extracellular fluid compartments. Recently, carnosine-like immunoreactivity has been found in the subependymal layer (SEL) of adult rodents, a region endowed with persistent cell proliferation and migration. Unlike rodents, the SEL of the rabbit has a persistent olfactory ventricle. We show here that the morphologic organization of the SEL is different in these species, with particular reference to the glial/non glial cell compartments. The distribution of carnosine-like immunoreactivity in the rabbit displays some differences only within the SEL, which could be linked to its arrangement and compartmentalization.

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“…It is widely distributed in tissues and exists at particularly high concentrations in muscle and brain [50] . Throughout the brain, the most important carnosinecontaining cells are astrocytes and oligodendrocytes.…”

Section: Carnosinementioning

confidence: 99%

Possible New Antiaging Strategies Related to Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions

Mocchegiani

Malavolta

2008

Neuroimmunomodulation

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The aging process demonstrates gradual and spontaneous changes, resulting in maturation through childhood, puberty and young adulthood, and then decline through middle and late age. However, animals and humans are capable of reaching the extreme limit of life span characteristic for the species with a very efficient network of antiaging mechanisms. Among them, neuroendocrine-immune interactions play a pivotal role. The loss of the capacity of the organism in remodeling the neuroendocrine-immune response leads to the appearance of age-associated pathologies. We herein report some substances which can be proposed as new antiaging strategies because of their capacity to remodel some biological functions in old animals and humans. These substances are: L-deprenyl, leptin, ghrelin, carnosine and NO donors. Their role as possible antiaging strategies in healthy people in relation to neuroendocrine-immune responses and zinc ion bioavailability is reported and discussed.

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Identification of the glial cell types containing carnosine-related peptides in the rat brain

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Carnosine-related dipeptides in the mammalian brain

Carnosine-related dipeptides in the mammalian brain

Aminoacyl-histidine dipeptides in the glial cells of the adult rabbit forebrain☆,1

Possible New Antiaging Strategies Related to Neuroendocrine-Immune Interactions

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