Identification of the effective constituents for anti-inflammatory activity of Ju-Zhi-Jiang-Tang, an ancient traditional Chinese medicine formula

Polyphenolic content and bactericidal effect of Mexican Citrus limetta and Citrus reticulata

“…Citrus flavonoids, in particular, are recognized as antioxidants (Procházková et al 2011;Yu et al 2014;Asikin et al 2015), antifungals (Buer et al 2010), antimicrobials (Vikram et al 2010;Cushnie and Lamb 2011;Céliz et al 2011), and even accelerating wound and disease healing (Neves et al Neves et al 2010;Arab and Liebeskind 2010;Codoñer-Franch and Valls-Bellés 2010;Wang et al 2014). In plants, flavonoids appear to play defensive roles against pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses; these are generally found in glycosylated forms in plants, and the sugar moiety is an important factor determining their bioavailability (Agati et al 2012).…”

Identification of chemical constituents in two traditional Chinese medicine formulae by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and off-line nuclear magnetic resonance

“…Unlike the other three compounds, compound 24 was an alkaloid glycoside. Compound 24 showed m/z 504 M + , which was 162 Da higher than compound ] + , which indicated the existence of (3-hydroxy-3-methyl) glutaroyl group in the molecular structure [6]. Moreover, compound 49 exhibited the same MS 3 fragment behavior as compound 43.…”

“…They were from Gardeniae fructus and Phellodendri chinensis cortex, and were characterized by comparing with their MS n fragment ions (Table S1) with those reported in the literatures [6,38,39]. …”

“…Traditional phytochemical method would be very time-consuming for identifying the constituents in TCM formula that consisted of several or even tens of crude drugs. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) has been increasingly used to characterize the constituents in TCM formulae [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. The general way to identify the constituents in TCM formulae by LC-MS includes three procedures: determining molecular formula of the compound based on accurate molecular weight; finding the candidate compounds with the mentioned molecular formula from the corresponding plants in Chemical Abstract database or other related database; selecting the most and related 2D-NMR experiments that are necessary to confirm the structures of unknown compounds.…”

Identification in drug quality control and drug research

“…HPLC and UHPLC coupled with QTOF-MS and ion-trap MS (IT-MS) were able to identify 151 compounds (e.g., flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, alkaloids, cyclopeptides, and oligosaccharides), of which 18 were novel. Some of their structures could only be tentatively identified by MS, but were confirmed by NMR after separation by semi-preparative HPLC [59].…”