Identification of the bacterium associated with haemorrhagic septicaemia in rainbow trout as Hafnia alvei

Gelev, I; Gelev, E.; Steigerwalt, Arnold G.; Carter, G.P; Brenner, Don J.

doi:10.1016/0923-2508(90)90021-h

Cited by 33 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…59,140 As an agent of enteric disease, it is the cause of braxy, also known as bradsot, an acute infection of lambs and older sheep. 14,45 The disease has also been reported in calves. 36 It occurs principally in Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands, although it has been infrequently reported from Europe, Australia, and the United States.…”

Section: Other Clostridial Enteric Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 82%

The Comparative Pathology ofClostridium difficile-associated Disease

2006

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Abstract. Clostridium difficile is a confirmed pathogen in a wide variety of mammals, but the incidence of disease varies greatly in relation to host species, age, environmental density of spores, administration of antibiotics, and possibly, other factors. Lesions vary as well, in severity and distribution within individuals, and in some instances, age groups, of a given species. The cecum and colon are principally affected in most species, but foals and rabbits develop severe jejunal lesions. Explanations for variable susceptibility of species, and age groups within a species, are largely speculative. Differences in colonization rates and toxin-receptor densities have been proposed. Clostridium difficile-associated disease is most commonly diagnosed in Syrian hamsters, horses, and neonatal pigs, but it is reported sporadically in many other species. The essential virulence factors of C. difficile are large exotoxins, toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). Receptor-mediated endocytosis of the toxins is followed by endosomal acidification, a necessary step for conversion of the toxin to its active form in the cytosol. Cell-surface receptors have been characterized for TcdA, but remain to be identified for TcdB. Both TcdA and TcdB disrupt the actin cytoskeleton by disrupting Rho-subtype, intracellular signaling molecules. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton is catastrophic for cellular function, but inflammation and neurogenic stimuli are also involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.

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Section: Other Clostridial Enteric Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 82%

The Comparative Pathology ofClostridium difficile-associated Disease

2006

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“…[1] It is typically defined as a gastrointestinal organism [1] and is infrequently considered as a pathogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1] It is typically defined as a gastrointestinal organism [1] and is infrequently considered as a pathogen. [2] It only expresses one virulence factor found in enteropathogenic Escherichia.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The patient was prescribed meropenem therapy for the eradication of the infection. This report presents a unique case of respiratory tract infection caused by Hafnia alvei.Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Hafnia alvei; pnemonia.Hafnia alvei (H. alvei) is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family.[1] It is typically defined as a gastrointestinal organism [1] and is infrequently considered as a pathogen.[2] It only expresses one virulence factor found in enteropathogenic Escherichia.[3] In 1991, this organism was first described as an gastrointestinal pathogen. [3] Although, H. alvei is typically considered as a commensal organism of the enteric tract, recent reports have suggested that it has the potential to be a serious human pathogen.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A rare case of Hafnia alvei pneumonia presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Karamanli¹

2017

Turk Gogus Kalp Dama

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ÖZHafnia alvei, insanlarda nadir rastlanan bir patojendir. Bu yazıda, şiddetli alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu olan 58 yaşında bir erkek Hafnia alvei olgusu sunuldu. Göğüs röntgeni ve bilgisayarlı tomografisinde sağ akciğerde belirgin konsolidasyon ve anlamlı infiltrasyon izlendi. Balgam kültürü, Hafnia alvei olarak tespit edilen Gram negatif basiller açısından pozitif idi. Hastaya enfeksiyon eradikasyonu için meropenem tedavisi verildi. Bu yazıda Hafnia alvei'nin neden olduğu nadir bir solunum yolu enfeksiyonu olgusu sunuldu. ABSTRACTHafnia alvei is a rarely seen pathogen in humans. In this article, we present a 58-year-old male case of Hafnia alvei with respiratory impairment due to a severe lower respiratory tract infection. Chest X-ray and computed tomography showed consolidation and significant infiltration in the right lung. Cultures of sputum were positive for Gram-negative rods, which were identified as Hafnia alvei. The patient was prescribed meropenem therapy for the eradication of the infection. This report presents a unique case of respiratory tract infection caused by Hafnia alvei.Keywords: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Hafnia alvei; pnemonia.Hafnia alvei (H. alvei) is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium of the Enterobacteriaceae family.[1] It is typically defined as a gastrointestinal organism [1] and is infrequently considered as a pathogen.[2] It only expresses one virulence factor found in enteropathogenic Escherichia.[3] In 1991, this organism was first described as an gastrointestinal pathogen. [3] Although, H. alvei is typically considered as a commensal organism of the enteric tract, recent reports have suggested that it has the potential to be a serious human pathogen.[2] Herein, we report a 58-year-old male case with respiratory impairment due to a severe lower respiratory tract infection caused by H. alvei. CASE REPORTA 58-year-old man with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who had a history of smoking 40 packs/day over the course of several years was admitted to the emergency department due to progressive dyspnea, fever, cough, and increasing sputum for three days. O admission, the patient was pale, dyspneic, febrile, and in a poor condition. Physical examination revealed a body weight of 65 kg, a height of 168 cm, a pulse rate of 104 beats/min, a blood pressure of 108/65 mmHg, a body temperature of 39.4 °C, and a respiration rate of 24 breaths/min. Abdominal examination findings were unremarkable. On auscultation of the lungs,

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“…Although definitive taxonomic studies regarding this species were not subsequently published, Brenner and colleagues at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed the existence of at least two distinct relatedness (hybridization) groups (HGs) within H. alvei (2,3). Reference strains for these HGs include ATCC 13337 T and ATCC 29926 (CDC 5632-72) for HG 1 (H. alvei sensu stricto) and ATCC 29927 (CDC 4510-73) for HG 2 (unnamed) (4).…”

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Identification of Two Distinct Hybridization Groups in the Genus Hafnia by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Phenotypic Methods

et al. 2005

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A collection of 52 strains belonging to the Hafnia alvei complex were subjected to molecular (16S rRNA gene sequencing) and biochemical analysis. Based upon 16S rRNA gene sequencing results, two genetic groups were identified which correspond with previously recognized DNA hybridization group 1 (ATCC 13337 T and ATCC 29926; n ‫؍‬ 23) and DNA hybridization group 2 (ATCC 29927; n ‫؍‬ 29). Of 46 biochemical tests used to characterize hafniae, 19 reactions (41%) yielded variable results. Of these 19 tests, 6 were determined to have discriminatory value in the separation of DNA groups 1 and 2, with malonate utilization found to be the most differential test. Test results of malonate utilization alone correctly assigned 90% of Hafnia isolates to their correct DNA group.The genus Hafnia presently consists of two or more distinct species (genomospecies) that are currently identified as a single taxon, H. alvei. DNA relatedness studies conducted by Steigerwalt et al. (12) in 1976 involving the genera Enterobacter and Serratia identified several strains of H. alvei ("Enterobacter hafniae") that exhibited widely divergent DNA binding ratios and degrees of mismatch (divergence) when hybridized with DNA from reference strain E. hafniae 4360-76. These results, although limited in scope by the number of strains studied, provided the first direct evidence for species diversity within the genus. Although definitive taxonomic studies regarding this species were not subsequently published, Brenner and colleagues at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed the existence of at least two distinct relatedness (hybridization) groups (HGs) within H. alvei (2, 3). Reference strains for these HGs include ATCC 13337 T and ATCC 29926 (CDC 5632-72) for HG 1 (H. alvei sensu stricto) and ATCC 29927 (CDC 4510-73) for HG 2 (unnamed) (4).Over the past several years, there has been renewed interest in the taxonomy of hafniae as causative agents of extraintestinal disease (6, 11) and their reputed association with bacterial gastroenteritis (7). One study found that 16S rRNA gene sequencing could be successfully used to distinguish Hafnia genomospecies (8), while a subsequent investigation achieved similar results using multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (10). This latter Australian survey also concluded that the two genomospecies differed in their genetic structure and host distribution based upon an analysis of strains recovered from a variety of mammals, reptiles, fish, amphibians, insects, and aquatic sources (10).HG 1 contains the type strain, ATCC 13337 T (Stuart's type 32011), and by definition constitutes H. alvei sensu stricto. HG 2, also currently identified as H. alvei, remains unnamed, since previous studies have failed to identify phenotypic characteristics useful in distinguishing these two species from each other (2, 3, 4). It is also unclear what the distribution and frequency of these two hybridization groups are in clinical specimens. Greipsson and Priest (5) published the last major numerical taxonomy study o...

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Identification of the bacterium associated with haemorrhagic septicaemia in rainbow trout as Hafnia alvei

Cited by 33 publications

References 6 publications

The Comparative Pathology ofClostridium difficile-associated Disease

The Comparative Pathology ofClostridium difficile-associated Disease

A rare case of Hafnia alvei pneumonia presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Identification of Two Distinct Hybridization Groups in the Genus Hafnia by 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Phenotypic Methods

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