Identification of the autophagy pathway in a mollusk bivalve, Crassostrea gigas

Picot, Sandy; Faury, Nicole; Arzul, Isabelle; Chollet, Bruno; Renault, Tristan; Morga, Benjamín

doi:10.1080/15548627.2020.1713643

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Then, percentages of haemocytes with autophagic activity were quantified with the commercial Cyto-ID ® autophagy detection kit (ENZO Life Sciences, ENZ-51031-K200) as described by Picot et al. (2020) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In C. gigas , autophagy has previously been characterized in the mantle and haemocytes ( Picot et al., 2020 ). In these two oyster compartments, autophagy has been successfully modulated after exposing oysters to molecules well known to modulate the autophagy pathway in mammals ( Moreau et al., 2015 ; Picot et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both autophagy and the development of the virus were monitored concurrently in the mantle and haemolymph. Autophagy was measured using cellular (flow cytometry and western blotting) and complementary molecular approaches (real-time PCR) previously developed and applied by ( Picot et al., 2019 ; Picot et al., 2020 ). The viral DNA load and expression of three viral genes were monitored by real-time PCR during the experimental infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring Autophagy at Cellular and Molecular Level in Crassostrea gigas During an Experimental Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) Infection

Picot

Faury

Pelletier

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Mortality outbreaks of young Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, have seriously affected the oyster-farming economy in several countries around the world. Although the causes of these mortality outbreaks appear complex, a viral agent has been identified as the main factor: a herpesvirus called ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1). Autophagy is an important degradation pathway involved in the response to several pathologies including viral diseases. In C. gigas, recent studies indicate that this pathway is conserved and functional in at least haemocytes and the mantle. Furthermore, an experimental infection in combination with compounds known to inhibit or induce autophagy in mammals revealed that autophagy is involved in the response to OsHV-1 infection. In light of these results, the aim of this study was to determine the role of autophagy in the response of the Pacific oyster to infection by virus OsHV-1. For this purpose, an experimental infection in combination with a modulator of autophagy was performed on Pacific oysters known to have intermediate susceptibility to OsHV-1 infection. In haemolymph and the mantle, the autophagy response was monitored by flow cytometry, western blotting, and real-time PCR. At the same time, viral infection was evaluated by quantifying viral DNA and RNA amounts by real-time PCR. Although the results showed activation of autophagy in haemolymph and the mantle 14 hours post infection (after viral replication was initiated), they were also indicative of different regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in the two tissues, thus supporting an important function of autophagy in the response to virus OsHV-1.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring Autophagy at Cellular and Molecular Level in Crassostrea gigas During an Experimental Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) Infection

Picot

Faury

Pelletier

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…On the other hand, autophagy is a natural and fundamental mechanism that contributes to the management of intracellular biomass by self-digestion of cytoplasmatic components that range in complexity and size from individual proteins to whole organelles [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. In addition to the aforementioned pathways, autophagy is also involved in cell homeostasis and other cellular processes, including adjustment to starvation, intracellular pathogen elimination, and cell death [ 34 , 35 ]. There are three distinct types of autophagy: microautophagy, macroautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy [ 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations

Lattos

Feidantsis

Georgoulis

et al. 2021

Cells

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Due to the rapid decrease of Pinna nobilis populations during the previous decades, this bivalve species, endemic in the Mediterranean Sea, is characterized as ‘critically endangered’. In addition to human pressures, various pathogen infections have resulted in extended reduction, even population extinction. While Haplosporidium pinnae is characterized as one of the major causative agents, mass mortalities have also been attributed to Mycobacterium sp. and Vibrio spp. Due to limited knowledge concerning the physiological response of infected P. nobilis specimens against various pathogens, this study’s aim was to investigate to pathophysiological response of P. nobilis individuals, originating from mortality events in the Thermaikos Gulf and Lesvos and Limnos islands (Greece), and their correlation to different potential pathogens detected in the diseased animals. In isolated tissues, several cellular stress indicators of the heat shock and immune response, apoptosis and autophagy, were examined. Despite the complexity and limitations in the study of P. nobilis mortality events, the present investigation demonstrates the cumulative negative effect of co-infection additionally with H. pinnae in comparison to the non-presence of haplosporidian parasite. In addition, impacts of global climate change affecting physiological performance and immune responses result in more vulnerable populations in infectious diseases, a phenomenon which may intensify in the future.

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“…Moreover, many DEPs in A-oysters were linked to the calcium-mediated signaling pathway, which is known to influence the induction of autophagy ( 57 , 58 ). The induction of the autophagy pathway in OsHV-1-infected Pacific oysters has been proven using molecular and cellular approaches ( 59 – 61 ). Autophagy is a major degradation system that protects animals from microorganism infections, including viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Proteomics of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 and Pacific Oyster Interactions With Two Families Exhibiting Contrasted Susceptibility to Viral Infection

Leprêtre

Faury²,

Segarra

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Massive mortality outbreaks affecting Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) spat/juveniles are often associated with the detection of a herpesvirus called ostreid herpesvirus type 1 (OsHV-1). In this work, experimental infection trials of C. gigas spat with OsHV-1 were conducted using two contrasted Pacific oyster families for their susceptibility to viral infection. Live oysters were sampled at 12, 26, and 144 h post infection (hpi) to analyze host-pathogen interactions using comparative proteomics. Shotgun proteomics allowed the detection of seven viral proteins in infected oysters, some of them with potential immunomodulatoy functions. Viral proteins were mainly detected in susceptible oysters sampled at 26 hpi, which correlates with the mortality and viral load observed in this oyster family. Concerning the Pacific oyster proteome, more than 3,000 proteins were identified and contrasted proteomic responses were observed between infected A- and P-oysters, sampled at different post-injection times. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis performed on significantly modulated proteins uncover the main immune processes (such as RNA interference, interferon-like pathway, antioxidant defense) which contribute to the defense and resistance of Pacific oysters to viral infection. In the more susceptible Pacific oysters, results suggest that OsHV-1 manipulate the molecular machinery of host immune response, in particular the autophagy system. This immunomodulation may lead to weakening and consecutively triggering death of Pacific oysters. The identification of several highly modulated and defense-related Pacific oyster proteins from the most resistant oysters supports the crucial role played by the innate immune system against OsHV-1 and the viral infection. Our results confirm the implication of proteins involved in an interferon-like pathway for efficient antiviral defenses and suggest that proteins involved in RNA interference process prevent viral replication in C. gigas. Overall, this study shows the interest of multi-omic approaches applied on groups of animals with differing sensitivities and provides novel insight into the interaction between Pacific oyster and OsHV-1 with key proteins involved in viral infection resistance.

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Identification of the autophagy pathway in a mollusk bivalve, Crassostrea gigas

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Monitoring Autophagy at Cellular and Molecular Level in Crassostrea gigas During an Experimental Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) Infection

Monitoring Autophagy at Cellular and Molecular Level in Crassostrea gigas During an Experimental Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) Infection

Pathophysiological Responses of Pinna nobilis Individuals Enlightens the Etiology of Mass Mortality Situation in the Mediterranean Populations

Comparative Proteomics of Ostreid Herpesvirus 1 and Pacific Oyster Interactions With Two Families Exhibiting Contrasted Susceptibility to Viral Infection

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