Identification of the Arabidopsis CHL3 gene as the nitrate reductase structural gene NIA2.

Wilkinson, Jack Q.; Crawford, Nigel M.

doi:10.1105/tpc.3.5.461

Cited by 154 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…, 2002), providing further evidence that NR acts downstream of ABA‐mediated H 2 O 2 generation to produce NO and induce stomatal closure. Two NR genes, NR1 and NR2 , are present in the Arabidopsis genome, with NR2 being by far the more abundant protein (Wilkinson and Crawford, 1991), so it is important to determine whether it is NR1 or NR2 that mediates ABA‐ and H 2 O 2 ‐activated NO generation in guard cells. Preliminary data indicate that the less abundant NR1 protein and not NR2 serves this function, as the mutant nia1 disocciation ( nia1::Dsnia1::DS ; Parinov et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ABA‐induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H₂O₂ synthesis

et al. 2005

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SummaryNitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) are key signalling molecules produced in response to various stimuli and involved in a diverse range of plant signal transduction processes. Nitric oxide and H 2 O 2 have been identified as essential components of the complex signalling network inducing stomatal closure in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). A close inter-relationship exists between ABA and the spatial and temporal production and action of both NO and H 2 O 2 in guard cells. This study shows that, in Arabidopsis thaliana guard cells, ABA-mediated NO generation is in fact dependent on ABA-induced H 2 O 2 production. Stomatal closure induced by H 2 O 2 is inhibited by the removal of NO with NO scavenger, and both ABA and H 2 O 2 stimulate guard cell NO synthesis. Conversely, NO-induced stomatal closure does not require H 2 O 2 synthesis nor does NO treatment induce H 2 O 2 production in guard cells. Tungstate inhibition of the NOgenerating enzyme nitrate reductase (NR) attenuates NO production in response to nitrite in vitro and in response to H 2 O 2 and ABA in vivo. Genetic data demonstrate that NR is the major source of NO in guard cells in response to ABA-mediated H 2 O 2 synthesis. In the NR double mutant nia1, nia2 both ABA and H 2 O 2 fail to induce NO production or stomatal closure, but in the nitric oxide synthase deficient Atnos1 mutant, responses to H 2 O 2 are not impaired. Importantly, we show that in the NADPH oxidase deficient double mutant atrbohD/F, NO synthesis and stomatal closure to ABA are severely reduced, indicating that endogenous H 2 O 2 production induced by ABA is required for NO synthesis. In summary, our physiological and genetic data demonstrate a strong inter-relationship between ABA, endogenous H 2 O 2 and NO-induced stomatal closure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 1999; Wang et al. , 2004) appears deficient in ABA and H 2 O 2 ‐induced stomatal closure and NO generation, whereas the NR2 deletion mutant, (Wilkinson and Crawford, 1991) responds normally to both ABA and H 2 O 2 (J. Bright, unpublished data).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ABA‐induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H₂O₂ synthesis

et al. 2005

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“…To measure the N-metabolizing enzymes, 10 day-old seedlings were homogenized with chilled extraction buffer (100 mM K 2 HPO 4 , pH 7.5, 1 mM DTT, 1 mM EDTA and 10 mM cysteine), followed by centrifugation at 10,000 g at 4°C for 15 min. The supernatant was used for assaying the activities of NR (Wilkinson and Crawford, 1991), NiR (Takahashi et al, 2001), GS (Rhodes et al, 1975), and GDH (Turano et al, 1996), according to the methods previously described.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phospholipase Dε and phosphatidic acid enhance Arabidopsis nitrogen signaling and growth

et al. 2009

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Summary The activation of phospholipase D (PLD) produces phosphatidic acid (PA), a new lipid messenger implicated in cell growth and proliferation, but direct evidence for PLD and PA promotion of growth at an organismal level is lacking. Here we characterized a new PLD, PLDε, and show that PLDε plays a role in promoting Arabidopsis growth. PLDε is mainly associated with the plasma membrane and is the most permissive of all PLDs tested in activity requirements. Knockout (KO) of PLDε decreases, whereas overexpression (OE) of PLDε enhances root growth and biomass accumulation. The level of PA was higher in OE, but lower in KO than in wild-type plants, and suppression of PLD-mediated PA formation by alcohol alleviated the growth-promoting effect of PLDε. OE and KO of PLDε had the opposite effect on lateral root elongation in response to nitrogen (N). Increased expression of PLDε also promoted root hair elongation and primary root growth at severe N deprivation. The results suggest that PLDε and PA promote organismal growth and play a role in N response. The lipid signaling process may play a role in translating the membrane sensing of nutrient status to increasing plant growth and biomass production.

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“…In Arabidopsis , NR is encoded by two homologous genes, NIA1 and NIA2 (Wilkinson and Crawford, 1991). The relative contribution of these two isoforms to NO production was suggested to differ with a possible predominant involvement of NIA1 in NO production (Baudouin, 2011).…”

Section: Nitric Oxide Homeostasis Signaling and Crosstalk With Aba Amentioning

confidence: 99%

ABA crosstalk with ethylene and nitric oxide in seed dormancy and germination

Arc¹,

Sechet²,

Corbineau³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

208

234

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Dormancy is an adaptive trait that enables seed germination to coincide with favorable environmental conditions. It has been clearly demonstrated that dormancy is induced by abscisic acid (ABA) during seed development on the mother plant. After seed dispersal, germination is preceded by a decline in ABA in imbibed seeds, which results from ABA catabolism through 8′-hydroxylation. The hormonal balance between ABA and gibberellins (GAs) has been shown to act as an integrator of environmental cues to maintain dormancy or activate germination. The interplay of ABA with other endogenous signals is however less documented. In numerous species, ethylene counteracts ABA signaling pathways and induces germination. In Brassicaceae seeds, ethylene prevents the inhibitory effects of ABA on endosperm cap weakening, thereby facilitating endosperm rupture and radicle emergence. Moreover, enhanced seed dormancy in Arabidopsis ethylene-insensitive mutants results from greater ABA sensitivity. Conversely, ABA limits ethylene action by down-regulating its biosynthesis. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as a common actor in the ABA and ethylene crosstalk in seed. Indeed, convergent evidence indicates that NO is produced rapidly after seed imbibition and promotes germination by inducing the expression of the ABA 8′-hydroxylase gene, CYP707A2, and stimulating ethylene production. The role of NO and other nitrogen-containing compounds, such as nitrate, in seed dormancy breakage and germination stimulation has been reported in several species. This review will describe our current knowledge of ABA crosstalk with ethylene and NO, both volatile compounds that have been shown to counteract ABA action in seeds and to improve dormancy release and germination.

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Identification of the Arabidopsis CHL3 gene as the nitrate reductase structural gene NIA2.

Cited by 154 publications

References 21 publications

ABA‐induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H₂O₂ synthesis

ABA‐induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H₂O₂ synthesis

Phospholipase Dε and phosphatidic acid enhance Arabidopsis nitrogen signaling and growth

ABA crosstalk with ethylene and nitric oxide in seed dormancy and germination

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Identification of the Arabidopsis CHL3 gene as the nitrate reductase structural gene NIA2.

Cited by 154 publications

References 21 publications

ABA‐induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H2O2 synthesis

ABA‐induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H2O2 synthesis

Phospholipase Dε and phosphatidic acid enhance Arabidopsis nitrogen signaling and growth

ABA crosstalk with ethylene and nitric oxide in seed dormancy and germination

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ABA‐induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H₂O₂ synthesis

ABA‐induced NO generation and stomatal closure in Arabidopsis are dependent on H₂O₂ synthesis