Identification of the activating region of catabolite gene activator protein (CAP): isolation and characterization of mutants of CAP specifically defective in transcription activation.

Zhou, Yuhong; Zhang, Xiaoping; Ebright, Richard H.

doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.6081

Cited by 142 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Because the initial binding site (at this and the fha promoter) is an inverted repeat sequence, the molecules within a BvgA dimer are presumably in a mutually inverted orientation. It is likely, by analogy with other better-characterized activators (Zhou et al, 1993), that a specific region of BvgA interacts with RNAP, providing the key event in promoter activation. This region on BvgA would therefore probably be on the downstream molecule of the dimer closest to the promoter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genetic analysis of pertussis toxin promoter activation in Bordetella pertussis

Marques

Carbonetti

1997

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryBordetella pertussis regulates expression of its virulence factors such as pertussis toxin (Ptx) via the bvg locus, which encodes a two-component system composed of a sensor protein, BvgS, and a transcription activator, BvgA. We used a ptx -lac fusion on the B. pertussis chromosome to analyse promoter activation by alteration of specific sequences upstream of and within the promoter. Our data demonstrate that a pair of heptanucleotide inverted repeats separated by a turn of the DNA helix within the upstream repeat region (centred around nucleotide ¹136.5) are crucial cis-activating elements, and probably represent the initial BvgA-binding site. In addition, we demonstrate that the sequence between these repeats and the promoter plays a role in activation. Our data are most consistent with a model of co-operative binding of BvgA dimers to this intervening region and interaction with RNA polymerase at the promoter to activate ptx transcription. In the core promoter region both the non-consensus 21 bp spacing and the specific sequence between the ¹35 and ¹10 elements are crucial for promoter activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Genetic analysis of pertussis toxin promoter activation in Bordetella pertussis

Marques

Carbonetti

1997

Molecular Microbiology

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“…Such factors bind upstream of the Ϫ35 region and are distinguished by the fact that they are inactive with RNA polymerase containing ␣ subunits with deletions or certain point mutations in the Cterminal one-third (20,51). Class I activators are presumed to make contact with the carboxyl-terminal portion of the RNA polymerase ␣ subunit, and in the case of the lac promoter, a specific surface region of the Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein that is required for contact has been identified (9,50).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxyl radical footprints and half-site arrangements of binding sites for the CysB transcriptional activator of Salmonella typhimurium

Hryniewicz

Kredich

1995

J Bacteriol

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CysB is a transcriptional activator for the cysteine regulon and negatively autoregulates its own gene, cysB. Transcription activation also requires an inducer, N-acetyl-L-serine. CysB is known to bind to activation sites just upstream of the ؊35 regions of the positively regulated cysJIH, cysK, and cysP promoters and to a repressor site centered at about ؉1 in the cysB promoter. Additional accessory sites have been found in positively regulated promoters. The hydroxyl radical footprinting experiments reported here indicate that the activation sites CBS-J1, CBS-K1, and CBS-P1 in the cysJIH, cysK, and cysP promoters are composed of two convergently oriented 19-bp half-sites separated by 1 or 2 bp. N-Acetyl-L-serine stimulates binding to these sites as well as to the accessory sites CBS-J2 and CBS-P2, both of which share a similar topology with activation sites. A second topology is found in the accessory site CBS-K2 and the repressor site CBS-B, which contain divergently oriented 19-bp half-sites separated by one or two helical turns. N-Acetyl-L-serine inhibits binding to these two sites. A third topology is present in the cysK and cysP promoters, where an additional half-site is oriented toward the activation site and separated from it by one helical turn. Here, CysB binds to all three half-sites, bending the DNA, and N-acetyl-L-serine decreases the extent of bending. The marked dissimilarities of these half-site arrangements and of their responses to N-acetyl-L-serine suggest that CysB, a homotetramer, binds to them with different combinations of subunits.

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“…Biochemical and genetic results indicate that the interaction between CAP and αCTD is mediated by "activating region 1" of the downstream subunit of CAP (AR1; blue in Fig 3a [31,32,33,34,35]) and the "287 determinant" of αCTD (yellow in Fig 3a [36]). Biochemical and genetic results further indicate that the interaction between αCTD and DNA is mediated by the "265 determinant" of αCTD (red in Fig 3a [36,37,38]) and the DNA minor groove [39].…”

Section: Transcription Activation At Class I Cap-dependent Promotersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catabolite activator protein: DNA binding and transcription activation

Lawson

Swigon

Murakami

et al. 2004

Current Opinion in Structural Biology

295

322

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Recent structures of Escherichia coli catabolite activator protein (CAP) in complex with DNA, and in complex with RNA polymerase α subunit C-terminal domain (αCTD) and DNA, have yielded insights into how CAP binds DNA and activates transcription. Comparison of multiple structures of CAP-DNA complexes has revealed contributions of direct readout and indirect readout to DNA binding by CAP. The structure of the CAP-αCTD-DNA complex has provided the first structural description of interactions between a transcription activator and its functional target within the general transcription machinery. Using the structure of the CAP-αCTD-DNA complex, the structure of an RNAP-DNA complex, and restraints from biophysical, biochemical, and genetic experiments, it has been possible to construct detailed three-dimensional models of intact Class I and Class II transcription activation complexes.

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Identification of the activating region of catabolite gene activator protein (CAP): isolation and characterization of mutants of CAP specifically defective in transcription activation.

Cited by 142 publications

References 27 publications

Genetic analysis of pertussis toxin promoter activation in Bordetella pertussis

Genetic analysis of pertussis toxin promoter activation in Bordetella pertussis

Hydroxyl radical footprints and half-site arrangements of binding sites for the CysB transcriptional activator of Salmonella typhimurium

Catabolite activator protein: DNA binding and transcription activation

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