“…There has been an increasing growth of research focusing on plant disease classification in the past years aiming to develop effective plant disease diagnostics systems for farmers. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods have been adopted in classifying and detecting various plant diseases such as olive (Cruz et al, 2017), pomegranate (Pawar & Jadhav, 2017), rice (Li et al, 2020), tomato (Fuentes et al, 2017;Tran et al, 2019), cassava (Ramcharan et al, 2019), mango (Singh et al, 2019), orange (Capizzi et al, 2016), tea leaf (Hu et al, 2019;Chen et al, 2019), apple leaf (Jiang et al, 2019;Rehman et al, 2021), citrus (Dhawale et al, 2016;Iqbal et al, 2018), and so on. Liang et al (2019), and .…”