Identification of surrogate compounds for the emission of PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) and evaluation of their on-line real-time detectability in flue gases of waste incineration plants by REMPI–TOFMS mass spectrometry

Blumenstock, M.; Zimmermann, Ralf; Schramm, Karl‐Werner; Kettrup, A.

doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00223-x

Cited by 83 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Moreover, TrCBz was also found to be well related with I-TEQ in the flue gas both under the start-up and normal operation in HWI (Lin et al, 2014). As mentioned above, PCDD/Fs has been suggested to be well related with most of the high chlorinated CBzs and thus they have been regarded as PCDD/F surrogates (Blumenstock et al, 2001;Oh et al, 2007). In this study, the relationships between CBzs and I-TEQ in flue gas were analyzed to verify that CBzs could also be used as PCDD/F surrogate in cement kiln.…”

Section: Relationship Between Pcdd/fs and Cbzsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Formation, Reduction and Emission Behaviors of CBzs and PCDD/Fs from Cement Plants

Zhan

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The formation, reduction and emission behaviours of chlorobenzenes (CBzs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) were studied in a typical dry cement kiln in China. The operating conditions were scrutinized at various positions by monitoring the concentrations of CO, NO x , HF and HCl in the flue gas. Furthermore, the concentration, gas/particle partition and congener distribution of CBzs and PCDD/Fs were analyzed at the outlet of cyclone pre-heater, suspension pre-heater, raw mill and stack. The main PCDD/F formation zone was proven to be the first stage of pre-heater and the congener distribution of PCDD/Fs was significantly affected by the recycling ash. Specially, the concentration of CBzs continually increased with the flowing of flue gas. The final emissions of PCDD/Fs and CBzs in the flue gas were 0.016 ng I-TEQ Nm -3 and 26 µg Nm -3 , respectively. Moreover, the reduction efficiency of I-TEQ via bag filter was up to 81% and 86% for gas and particle phase PCDD/Fs, respectively. Most importantly, the mass balances indicated that raw meal was the dominant input and the rotary kiln incinerating waste was clearly a weighed PCDD/F and CBz sink. Furthermore, HCBzs correlated well with the total I-TEQ during the whole process of cement production.

show abstract

Section: Relationship Between Pcdd/fs and Cbzsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Formation, Reduction and Emission Behaviors of CBzs and PCDD/Fs from Cement Plants

Zhan

Chen

et al. 2016

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is well known that intersystem crossing from the singlet excited state to triplet levels is strongly enhanced by a heavy atom effect, i.e., a spin-orbit interaction. 7 This undesirable effect makes ionization from a singlet excited state difficult using the second photon. It has been reported that 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD cannot be ionized from the triplet levels using a laser emitting at 266 nm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is thought to be due to the shorter lifetimes of the singlet excited state, compared to the pulse width of the laser, [13][14][15][16] since the lifetimes of PCDD/Fs are substantially reduced by a heavy atom effect. 7 In order to overcome this problem, researchers have proposed a two-color ionization scheme; the first photon is used for the excitation at a resonance (0-0) transition and the second photon with a large energy (deep-ultraviolet photon) is used for the subsequent ionization from the triplet levels after intersystem crossing. 17,18 Based on this technique, MPI spectra for 2,3,7,8-tetraCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-pentaCDF, and 2,3,4,7,8-pentaCDF were successfully obtained.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography/Multiphoton Ionization/Mass Spectrometry of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans Using Nanosecond and Femtosecond Lasers

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…However, CBz and CPh have been proven as important precursors of PCDD/F formation in thermal processes. Previous studies indicates that significantly positive correlation is found between TEQ concentration of PCDD/Fs and mass concentrations of CPh compounds measured at flue gas of heat recovery boiler outlet, with R 2 being greater than 0.75 (Blumenstock et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Removal of Chlorinated Aromatic Organic Compounds from MWI with Catalytic Filtration

Hung

Chang

2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Adsorption with activated carbon and catalytic oxidation with an appropriate catalyst are two methods for the effective removal of gaseous dioxin-like congeners from flue gases. The removal efficiencies of chlorobenzene/chlorophenol (CBz/CPh) from gas streams achieved by an "activated carbon injection + bag filter" (ACI + BF) system in a municipal waste incinerator (MWI) and catalytic filter (CF) system installed in a pilot-scale module are evaluated in this study via sampling and analysis. Real flue gas obtained prior to activated carbon injection in the dust of an MWI is introduced and fed into a pilot-scale module to evaluate CBz/CPh removal efficiencies. The CBz and CPh removal efficiencies achieved with the catalytic filtration 180°C are 78.3% and 77.4%, respectively, and the efficiencies increase significantly with increasing temperature. Due to the different removal mechanisms of the ACI + BF and CF technologies, increasing removal efficiencies with more Cl-substituted CBz/CPh congeners in flue gas are found with ACI + BF technology as a result of higher boiling points of highly Cl-substituted CBz/CPh congeners. Thanks to the destruction of contaminants by a catalyst, relatively lower CBz/CPh concentrations (158 and 177 ng/g, respectively) were measured in the fly ash of the CF module compared with those in the ACI + BF system (301 and 371 ng/g of CBz and CPh, respectively). Since AC injection is not needed in the CF module, lower CBz/CPh contents and lower discharge of fly ash are observed compared with those seen with the ACI + BF technology. If the ACI + BF technology is replaced by CF technology, the discharge factors of CBz and CPh (including emission and fly ash) will be reduced significantly, from 11.9 and 15.3 mg/ton waste, respectively, to 6.13 and 6.11 mg/ton waste. Moreover, a reduced environmental impact is expected with the application of CF technology due to the lower CBz/CPh concentrations in fly ash compared with those seen with the ACI + BF technology.

show abstract

Identification of surrogate compounds for the emission of PCDD/F (I-TEQ value) and evaluation of their on-line real-time detectability in flue gases of waste incineration plants by REMPI–TOFMS mass spectrometry

Cited by 83 publications

References 24 publications

Formation, Reduction and Emission Behaviors of CBzs and PCDD/Fs from Cement Plants

Formation, Reduction and Emission Behaviors of CBzs and PCDD/Fs from Cement Plants

Gas Chromatography/Multiphoton Ionization/Mass Spectrometry of Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans Using Nanosecond and Femtosecond Lasers

Removal of Chlorinated Aromatic Organic Compounds from MWI with Catalytic Filtration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About