Identification of StARD3 as a Lutein-Binding Protein in the Macula of the Primate Retina

Li, Binxing; Vachali, Preejith; Frederick, Jeanne M.; Bernstein, Paul S.

doi:10.1021/bi101906y

Cited by 176 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Bhosale et al characterized a zeaxanthin-binding protein Pi isoform of human glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) (26). Steroidogenic acute regulatory domain 3 (stARD3) was identified as a lutein-binding protein (27,28). stARD was shown to be expressed in mitochondria (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular Uptake Mechanism of Lutein in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

et al. 2013

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-Purpose. Lutein is a carotenoid mainly found in green leafy vegetables and is located in the macula lutea in the human eye. It has received much attention recently due to its preventive effect on age-related macular degeneration, and it has been consumed as a supplement. However, little information about the pharmacokinetic properties of lutein is available. Detailed knowledge of pharmacokinetic properties of lutein is needed for the development of pharmaceutics. In this study, we focused on the macular accumulation of lutein and investigated the uptake mechanism into human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Methods. ARPE-19 cells were used for the study on the accumulation mechanism of lutein. The concentration of lutein was determined using an HPLC system. Involvement of scavenger class B type 1 (SR-B1) in the accumulation of lutein in ARPE-19 cells was suggested from the results of an inhibition study using block lipid transport 1 (BLT-1), a selective inhibitor of SR-B1. To investigate the involvement of SR-B1 in more detail, small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected and the mRNA and protein expression levels of SR-B1 were assessed by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Results. We confirmed a sufficient siRNA knockdown effect in both mRNA and protein expression levels of SR-B1. We then found that lutein uptake was significantly decreased by siRNA knockdown of SR-B1. Conclusion. The uptake of lutein was significantly decreased by 40% compared with the control uptake level. This suggested that active transport of lutein into ARPE-19 cells is mainly via SR-B1, given the result that lutein uptake at 4ºC was about 40% less that that at 37ºC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular Uptake Mechanism of Lutein in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

et al. 2013

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“…11,12 L is the dominant carotenoid in the peripheral macula, Z in the mid-peripheral macula, and MZ at the epicentre of the macula. 2 A thorough understanding of the mechanisms governing the selective uptake of MP by the retina has proven to be elusive, although xanthophyll-binding proteins have been identified for L 13 and Z, 14 and MZ is also known to bind to a Z-binding protein 15 (study into the nature of the MZbinding protein is currently underway). 14 Importantly, it has been shown that the Z-binding protein has equal affinity for MZ.…”

Section: Retinal Anatomy Of the Macular Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is meso-zeaxanthin, and where does it come from?

Nolan

Kashani

et al. 2013

Eye

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The carotenoids lutein (L), zeaxanthin (Z), and meso-zeaxanthin (MZ) accumulate in the central retina, where they are collectively known as macular pigment (MP). Each of these three compounds exhibit a regional dominance, with MZ, Z, and L being the dominant carotenoids at the epicentre, mid-periphery, and periphery of the macula, respectively. There is a growing and evidencebased consensus that MP is important for optimal visual performance, because of its blue light-filtering properties and consequential attenuation of chromatic aberration, veiling luminance, and blue haze. It has also been hypothesised that MP may protect against age-related macular degeneration because of the same optical properties and also because of the antioxidant capacity of the three macular carotenoids. Challenges inherent in the separation and quantification of MZ have resulted in a paucity of data on the content of this carotenoid in foodstuffs, and have rendered the study of tissue concentrations of this compound problematic. As a consequence, the few studies that have investigated MZ have, perhaps, been disproportionately influential in the ongoing debate about the origins of this macular carotenoid. Certainly, the narrative that retinal MZ is derived wholly and solely from retinal L needs to be revisited.

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“…Lutein is present in many human tissues, such as the liver and serum, but it reaches maximum concentration in the retina of the eye, where its concentration is 500 times higher than that of other tissues. The presence of lutein and zeaxanthin in the macula of the human eye (41) and lutein-and zeaxanthinspecific binding proteins (STARD3, [StAR-related lipid transfer domain 3 (StARD3) and glutathione S-transferase pi 1 (GSTP1)] in the human macula (113,114) indicate the importance of these carotenoids in the human eye.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Age-Related Eye Disease 2 Study: Micronutrients in the Treatment of Macular Degeneration

Gorusupudi

Nelson

Bernstein

2017

Advances in Nutrition

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of vision loss in the elderly. With an increasingly aged population worldwide, the need for the prevention of AMD is rising. Multiple studies investigating AMD with the use of animal models and cell culture have identified oxidative stress-related retinal damage as an important contributing factor. In general, diet is an excellent source of the antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals necessary for healthy living; moreover, the general public is often receptive to recommendations made by physicians and health care workers regarding diet and supplements as a means of empowering themselves to avoid common and worrisome ailments such as AMD, which has made epidemiologists and clinicians enthusiastic about dietary intervention studies. A wide variety of nutrients, such as minerals, vitamins, v-3 (n-3) fatty acids, and various carotenoids, have been associated with reducing the risk of AMD. Initial results from the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) indicated that supplementation with antioxidants (b-carotene and vitamins C and E) and zinc was associated with a reduced risk of AMD progression. The AREDS2 follow-up study, designed to improve upon the earlier formulation, tested the addition of lutein, zeaxanthin, and v-3 fatty acids. In this review, we examine the science behind the nutritional factors included in these interventional studies and the reasons for considering their inclusion to lower the rate of AMD progression. Adv Nutr 2017;8:40-53.

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Identification of StARD3 as a Lutein-Binding Protein in the Macula of the Primate Retina

Cited by 176 publications

References 33 publications

Intracellular Uptake Mechanism of Lutein in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Intracellular Uptake Mechanism of Lutein in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

What is meso-zeaxanthin, and where does it come from?

The Age-Related Eye Disease 2 Study: Micronutrients in the Treatment of Macular Degeneration

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