Identification of sp2 Carbon in Lunar Material from the Sample Delivered by the Luna 24 Automatic Station

Laser Raman micro-spectroscopy as an effective non-destructive method of detection and identification of various sp2 carbon modifications in industry and in nature

“…Thus it is evident that carbon inclusions in the Lunar soil samples studied belong to three sp 2 carbon modifications. These are similar to terrestrial turbostratic graphite, glassy carbon and amorphous carbon [94].…”

Identification of phosphate components with different doping concentrations in various soil samples by Raman spectroscopy

“…With the deepening of lunar exploration, the identification and analysis of lunar sample composition has more important scientific research significance [1,2] . Apollo [3][4][5] , Luna [6][7][8] and Chang 'e-5 [9][10][11][12] have brought back important lunar samples from different lunar regions and carried out a series of research work. Among the main components of lunar soil, there are many kinds of phosphate minerals components, such as apatite(Ca5(PO4)3(OH, F, Cl)) and whitlockite (Ca3(PO4)2) [13][14][15][16] .…”