Identification of some volatile compounds in the odor of fecal pellets of the rabbit,Oryctolagus cuniculus

Goodrich, B. S.; Hesterman, E. R.; Shaw, K. S.; Mykytowycz, R.

doi:10.1007/bf00992380

Cited by 26 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Besides being present in sapromyiophilous taxa some of the compounds found are present in several types of decaying organic matter. As regards to excrements, heptanal, octanal, hexanol, nonanal, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, phenol and indole have been found in dog faeces [ 6 ], hexanol, octanol and phenol in rabbit faeces [ 7 ], indole in faeces of lion, Canidae and Mustelidae [ 4 ]. In cow dung [ 8 ] nonanal is consistently present, while phenol, benzyl alchohol, benzaldehyde and indole were erratically sampled, and are important volatiles of the fresh dung of cattle [ 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Headspace Volatile Composition of the Flowers of Caralluma europaea N.E.Br. (Apocynaceae)

et al. 2009

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The volatile constituents of the flowers of Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br (Apocynaceae) from Lampedusa Island were analyzed by a headspace GC method. The analyses allowed the identification and quantification of 41 compounds. The main components were, among the monoterpenoids, terpinolene (23.3%), α-terpinene (19.1%) and linalool (18.4%), whereas, among the carbonylic compounds the major constituents were heptanal (2.0%), octanoic acid (2.4%) and hexanoic acid (1.7%). The presence of a nitrogen containing compound, indole (0.8%) and of a sulphur containing compound, dimethylsulphide (t), noteworthy. The compounds found in the flowers of C. europaea have been compared with data available in the literature as regard to their odor, presence in other sapromyiophilous taxa, possible role as semiochemicals, and presence in decaying organic matter. 89.3% of total constituents have been described in other sapromyiophilous taxa. Some of the compounds are present in several types of decaying organic matter (excrements, decomposing bodies, and spoiled fish, etc). Several volatiles found in C. europaea flowers are used as semiochemicals by Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and other insects. Sixteen volatiles, accounting for 32.4% of the total constituents, are described as attractants of some Diptera families, with a biology linked to decaying organic matter. Our data thus confirm that C. europaea floral bouquet falls within the sapromyiophilous pollination syndrome.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Headspace Volatile Composition of the Flowers of Caralluma europaea N.E.Br. (Apocynaceae)

et al. 2009

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“…Furthermore, the phenolic derivatives present in the floral scent of B. echinolabium are known to occur in the floral scent of sapromyophilous species, e.g. Caralluma europea (Formisano et al 2009), Duvalia corderoyi , Hoodia gordonii , Orbea variegata (Jürgens et al 2006), Stapelia leendertziae , O. verrucosa , Euphorbia grandicorni s (Johnson and Jürgens 2010), as well as in several types of decaying organic matter, such as dog (Arnould et al 1998), rabbit (Goodrich et al 1981) and cow faeces (Kite 1995). The electron dense secretion residues on and beneath the cuticle surface and in plastoglobuli in plastids are possibly phenolic in nature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Labellum structure of Bulbophyllum echinolabium J.J. Sm. (section Lepidorhiza Schltr., Bulbophyllinae Schltr., Orchidaceae Juss.)

et al. 2019

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This micromorphological, chemical and ultrastructural study is a continuation of research conducted on the section Lepidorhiza . The Bulbophyllum echinolabium flowers comprised features that characterize a sapromyophilous syndrome, having large, glistening parts that emit an intense scent of rotten meat. The secretory activity was described in the hypochile (nectary in longitudinal groove and in the prickles) and the epichile (putative osmophore). The ultrastructural studies revealed a dense cytoplasm in the epidermis and subepidermal tissue with large nuclei and numerous mitochondria, the profiles of SER and RER, and dictyosomes. Large amounts of heterogeneous residues of secreted material (possibly phenolic) were present on the cuticle surface, similar to the unusual prominent periplasmic space with flocculent secretory material. The chemical analysis (GC/MS) of the scent profile of lips comprised carbohydrates and their derivatives (29.55% of all compounds), amino acids (1.66%), lipids (8.04%) and other organic compounds (60.73%). A great number of identified compounds are Diptera attractants (mainly Milichiidae, Tephritidae, Drosophilidae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae, Tachinidae). The examination of visual and olfactory features indicates correlation between colour of flowers and the type of olfactory mimicry, where a dark colour labellum emits strong smell of rotten waste.

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“…In E. montana , two pyrazines were found to be the main compounds. Pyrazines have been found in urine of coyotes and mane wolf (Murphy et al ., 1978; Childs‐Sanford, 2005) and in the faeces of rabbits (Goodrich et al ., 1981), and they are used as trail pheromones by several ant species (Attygalle & Morgan, 1984). However, the function of these substances in E. montana flowers remains unclear, and to our knowledge these compounds have not been identified in the floral odour of any other plant species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical nature of fetid floral odours in stapeliads (Apocynaceae‐Asclepiadoideae‐Ceropegieae)

2006

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Summary• By emitting strong fetid scents, sapromyiophilous flowers mimic brood and food sites of flies to attract them as pollinators. To date, intensive comparative scent analyses have been restricted to sapromyiophilous Araceae. Here, we analysed flower volatiles of fetid stapeliads to improve our understanding of the floral biology of fly pollinated species, and to learn whether mimicry types comparable to those found in Araceae exist.• Floral volatiles of 15 species out of 11 genera within the AsclepiadoideaeCeropegieae-Stapeliinae were collected via headspace adsorption and thermal desorption and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectometry (GC-MS). Data were analysed using CNESS-NMDS statistics.• Sapromyiophilous stapeliads are highly diverse in their scent composition, in which sulphur compounds, benzenoids, fatty acid derivatives or nitrogen-containing compounds dominate. Four groups are evident: species with high p-cresol content but low amounts of polysulphides (herbivore faeces mimicry); species with mainly polysulphides and low amounts of p-cresol (carnivore/omnivore faeces or carcass mimicry); species with high amounts of heptanal and octanal (carnivore/omnivore faeces or carcass mimicry); and species with hexanoic acid (urine mimicry).• Considering the findings in the unrelated Araceae, our results support the universality of different mimicry types that are obviously subsumed under the sapromyiophilous syndrome.

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Identification of some volatile compounds in the odor of fecal pellets of the rabbit,Oryctolagus cuniculus

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Headspace Volatile Composition of the Flowers of Caralluma europaea N.E.Br. (Apocynaceae)

Headspace Volatile Composition of the Flowers of Caralluma europaea N.E.Br. (Apocynaceae)

Labellum structure of Bulbophyllum echinolabium J.J. Sm. (section Lepidorhiza Schltr., Bulbophyllinae Schltr., Orchidaceae Juss.)

The chemical nature of fetid floral odours in stapeliads (Apocynaceae‐Asclepiadoideae‐Ceropegieae)

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