Identification of similar epitopes between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin: potential for cross‐reactive adaptive immunity

Urbán, Szabolcs; Paragi, Gábor; Burián, Katalin; McLean, Gary R.; Virók, Dezső

doi:10.1002/cti2.1227

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Similar epitopes shared between BCG and SARS-CoV-2 have recently been identified as having the potential for cross-reactive adaptive immunity ( 38 ). We identified 8 novel protein sequences with significant homology between BCG and NSP3 and NSP13 of SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG Vaccine Derived Peptides Induce SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Cross-Reactivity

Eggenhuizen

Chang

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Epidemiological studies and clinical trials suggest Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has protective effects against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are now over 30 clinical trials evaluating if BCG vaccination can prevent or reduce the severity of COVID-19. However, the mechanism by which BCG vaccination can induce severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell responses is unknown. Here, we identify 8 novel BCG-derived peptides with significant sequence homology to either SARS-CoV-2 NSP3 or NSP13-derived peptides. Using an in vitro co-culture system, we show that human CD4+ and CD8+ T cells primed with a BCG-derived peptide developed enhanced reactivity to its corresponding homologous SARS-CoV-2-derived peptide. As expected, HLA differences between individuals meant that not all persons developed immunogenic responses to all 8 BCG-derived peptides. Nevertheless, all of the 20 individuals that were primed with BCG-derived peptides developed enhanced T cell reactivity to at least 7 of 8 SARS-CoV-2-derived peptides. These findings provide an in vitro mechanism that may account, in part, for the epidemiologic observation that BCG vaccination confers some protection from COVID-19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG Vaccine Derived Peptides Induce SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Cross-Reactivity

Eggenhuizen

Chang

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…On the other side, Urban et alidentified that cross-reactive heterologous cell-mediated adaptive immunity may exist between BCG-Pasteur strain proteome and peptides of SARS-CoV-2 [ 22 ]. Singh et albrought a different perspective into the topic of ‘‘trained immunity” from Mycobacterium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship between COVID-19 Severity and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure history in healthcare workers: a multi-center study

Torun

Özkaya

Şen

et al. 2021

Pathogens and Global Health

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The COVID-19 pandemic has brought countries’ health services into sharp focus. It was drawn to our group’s attention that healthcare workers (HCWs) had a lower mortality rate against higher COVID-19 incidence compared to the general population in Turkey. Since risk of exposure to tuberculosis bacillus among healthcare workers are higher than the population, we aimed to investigate if there is a relationship between BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure history with COVID-19 severity in infected HCWs. This study was conducted with 465 infected HCWs from thirty-three hospitals to assess the relationship between COVID-19 severity (according to their hospitalization status and the presence of radiological pneumonia) and BCG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure history. HCWs who required hospital admission had significantly higher rates of chronic diseases, radiological pneumonia, and longer working hours in the clinics. Higher rates of history of contact and care to tuberculosis patients, history of tuberculosis, and BCG vaccine were observed in hospitalized HCWs. HCWs who had radiological pneumonia had a significantly increased ratio of history of care to tuberculosis patients and a higher family history of tuberculosis. The findings from our study suggest that the lower mortality rate despite the more severe disease course seen in infected HCWs might be due to frequent exposure to tuberculosis bacillus and the mortality-reducing effects of the BCG vaccine.

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“…Interestingly, sequence homology between several SARS-CoV-2 and BCG epitopes including the envelope protein and the receptor-binding domain of the spike glycoprotein provides an additional mechanistic basis for the potential cross-reactive adaptive immunity 101 , 137 .…”

Section: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Granulomatous Inflammation and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacille Calmette-Guérin: An ophthalmic perspective

Jain

Vadboncoeur

Biswas

2022

Survey of Ophthalmology

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Vaccines such as bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are known for their heterologous effects mediated through a number of mechanisms, including trained immunity constituted by monocyte-macrophage based innate immunity. Other events such as direct hematogenous spread and induction of autoimmunity are also described. There has been a resurgent interest in harnessing some of the benefits of trained immunity in the management of COVID-19, even as several specific vaccines have been approved. We summarize the current knowledge of ocular effects of BCG. Potential effect of granulomatous inflammation on angiotensin converting enzyme activity and accentuation of cytokine storm that may result in undesirable ocular and systemic effects are also discussed.

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Identification of similar epitopes between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 and Bacillus Calmette–Guérin: potential for cross‐reactive adaptive immunity

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

BCG Vaccine Derived Peptides Induce SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Cross-Reactivity

BCG Vaccine Derived Peptides Induce SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Cross-Reactivity

The Relationship between COVID-19 Severity and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)/ Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure history in healthcare workers: a multi-center study

Bacille Calmette-Guérin: An ophthalmic perspective

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