Identification of Simian Agent 10 as Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Suggests Transmission of a Human Virus to an African Monkey

Kumar, Sachin; Collins, Peter L.; Samal, Siba K.

doi:10.1128/jvi.01928-10

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Phylogenetic analysis revealed HRV3 from the Kanyawara outbreak to sort within a sub-clade of highly similar human-derived viruses from Peru and the USA collected between 2006 and 2015 (no more recently than other sub-clades; Figure 2). Notably, HRV3 from Kanyawara was divergent from viruses from other non-human primates, including viruses from wild Zambian baboons ( Papio cynocephalus ) [24] and simian agent 10, originally isolated from a blue monkey ( Cercopithecus mitis ) in South Africa [25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HRV3 has a wide host range, including primates, ruminants and rodents [40]. Simian agent 10, first isolated in 1963 from an apparently healthy blue monkey [41], was later identified as HRV3 and attributed to anthroponotic transmission [25]. HRV3 has been detected in the respiratory tracts of apparently healthy wild yellow baboons in Zambia [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous outbreaks of respiratory disease in wild chimpanzees caused by distinct viruses of human origin

Negrey

Reddy

Scully

et al. 2019

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Respiratory viruses of human origin infect wild apes across Africa, sometimes lethally. Here we report simultaneous outbreaks of two distinct human respiratory viruses, human metapneumovirus (MPV; Pneumoviridae : Metapneumovirus ) and human respirovirus 3 (HRV3; Paramyxoviridae ; Respirovirus , formerly known as parainfluenza virus 3), in two chimpanzee ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) communities in the same forest in Uganda in December 2016 and January 2017. The viruses were absent before the outbreaks, but each was present in ill chimpanzees from one community during the outbreak period. Clinical signs and gross pathologic changes in affected chimpanzees closely mirrored symptoms and pathology commonly observed in humans for each virus. Epidemiologic modelling showed that MPV and HRV3 were similarly transmissible ( R 0 of 1.27 and 1.48, respectively), but MPV caused 12.2% mortality mainly in infants and older chimpanzees, whereas HRV3 caused no direct mortality. These results are consistent with the higher virulence of MPV than HRV3 in humans, although both MPV and HRV3 cause a significant global disease burden. Both viruses clustered phylogenetically within groups of known human variants, with MPV closely related to a lethal 2009 variant from mountain gorillas ( Gorilla beringei beringei ), suggesting two independent and simultaneous reverse zoonotic origins, either directly from humans or via intermediary hosts. These findings expand our knowledge of human origin viruses threatening wild chimpanzees and suggest that such viruses might be differentiated by their comparative epidemiological dynamics and pathogenicity in wild apes. Our results also caution against assuming common causation in coincident outbreaks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous outbreaks of respiratory disease in wild chimpanzees caused by distinct viruses of human origin

Negrey

Reddy

Scully

et al. 2019

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…The species Simian Virus 10 was dissolved on the evidence that simian virus 10 is an isolate of human parainfluenzavirus 3 rather than a distinct virus [13]. The genus Pneumovirus , now included in the new family Pneumoviridae , was renamed Orthopneumovirus to avoid confusion between family and genus members (Table 1).…”

Section: Taxonomic Changes At the Family Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016

et al. 2016

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In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status (Pneumoviridae), the addition of five free-floating genera (Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, and Wastrivirus), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

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“…In 1963, simian agent 10 (also known as simian virus 10) was isolated from the mouth of a Samango monkey ( Cercopithecus mitis ) in a laboratory in South Africa ( 13 ). Complete genome sequence analysis showed simian agent 10 as a strain of HPIV3 ( 14 ). Experimental infections showed that many nonhuman primates—including chimpanzees; macaques; and squirrel, owl, patas, and rhesus monkeys—are sensitive to HPIV3 infection ( 1 , 15 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%