Identification of silverleaf whitefly resistance in pepper

Firdaus, Syarifin; Heusden, Sjaak van; Harpenas, Asep; Supena, Ence Darmo Jaya; Visser, R.G.F.; Vosman, Ben

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0523.2011.01894.x

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, the arena setup is a frequently used method in which aphids are released in the middle of a circle formed by different plants and are allowed to choose a plant to feed on for a certain time period after which the number of aphids on each plant is counted [16]. Another commonly used method is based on non-choice tests in which aphids are confined to a plant or a specific leaf area by insect-proof cages and let to produce offspring [13,21]. For all these methods, regular monitoring and counting of aphid numbers is required to compare the insect preference/performance between plants which limits their applicability for screening large collections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput phenotyping for aphid resistance in large plant collections

et al. 2012

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BackgroundPhloem-feeding insects are among the most devastating pests worldwide. They not only cause damage by feeding from the phloem, thereby depleting the plant from photo-assimilates, but also by vectoring viruses. Until now, the main way to prevent such problems is the frequent use of insecticides. Applying resistant varieties would be a more environmental friendly and sustainable solution. For this, resistant sources need to be identified first. Up to now there were no methods suitable for high throughput phenotyping of plant germplasm to identify sources of resistance towards phloem-feeding insects.ResultsIn this paper we present a high throughput screening system to identify plants with an increased resistance against aphids. Its versatility is demonstrated using an Arabidopsis thaliana activation tag mutant line collection. This system consists of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and the circulative virus Turnip yellows virus (TuYV). In an initial screening, with one plant representing one mutant line, 13 virus-free mutant lines were identified by ELISA. Using seeds produced from these lines, the putative candidates were re-evaluated and characterized, resulting in nine lines with increased resistance towards the aphid.ConclusionsThis M. persicae-TuYV screening system is an efficient, reliable and quick procedure to identify among thousands of mutated lines those resistant to aphids. In our study, nine mutant lines with increased resistance against the aphid were selected among 5160 mutant lines in just 5 months by one person. The system can be extended to other phloem-feeding insects and circulative viruses to identify insect resistant sources from several collections, including for example genebanks and artificially prepared mutant collections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput phenotyping for aphid resistance in large plant collections

et al. 2012

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“…For example, the cuticle thickness of leaf may prevent the insect stylet from reaching the phloem (Firdaus et al, 2011). While the presence of high density of glandular trichomes may cause high mortality of whiteflies, due to the secretion of chemical compounds such as acylsugars, which act as a glued trap for the whiteflies and attractant for natural enemies (Rodríguez et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Bemisia tabaci and activity of plant defense-related enzymes in genotypes of Capsicum annuum L.

Latournerie-Moreno¹,

Ic-Caamal²,

Ruíz-Sánchez³

et al. 2015

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) is a major plant pest of horticultural crops from the families Solanaceae, Fabaceae and Cucurbitaceae in Neotropical areas. The exploration of host plant resistance and their biochemical mechanisms offers an excellent alternative to better understand factors affecting the interaction between phytophagous insect and host plant. We evaluated the survival of B. tabaci in landrace genotypes of Capsicum annuum L., and the activity of plant defense-related enzymes (chitinase, polyphenoloxidase, and peroxidase). The landrace genotypes Amaxito, Tabaquero, and Simojovel showed resistance to B. tabaci, as we observed more than 50% nymphal mortality, while in the commercial susceptible genotype Jalapeño mortality of B. tabaci nymphs was not higher than 20%. The activities of plant defense-related enzymes were significantly different among pepper genotypes (P < 0.05). Basal activities of chitinase, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase were significantly lower or equal in landrace genotypes than that of the commercial genotype Jalapeño. The activity of plant enzymes was differential among pepper genotypes (P < 0.05). For example, the activity of chitinase enzyme generally was higher in non-infested plants with B. tabaci than those infested. Instead polyphenoloxidase ('Amaxito' and 'Simojovel') and peroxidase enzymes activities ('Tabaquero') increased in infested plants (P < 0.05). We conclude that basal activities of plant defense-related enzymes could be act through other mechanism plant induction, since plant defense-related enzymes showed a different induction response to B. tabaci. We underlined the role of polyphenoloxidase as plant defense in the pepper genotype Simojovel related to B. tabaci.

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“…Plant defences can be based on chemical and/or mechanical traits that negatively affect the biology of the insect [7]. Chemical defence usually involves compounds with antibiotic activity that are present on the leaf surface or in the phloem [8], [9]. For instance, secondary metabolites present in trichomes of tomato prevent aphids from settling [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overexpression of IRM1 Enhances Resistance to Aphids in Arabidopsis thaliana

et al. 2013

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Aphids are insects that cause direct damage to crops by the removal of phloem sap, but more importantly they spread devastating viruses. Aphids use their sophisticated mouthpart (i.e. stylet) to feed from the phloem sieve elements of the host plant. To identify genes that affect host plant resistance to aphids, we previously screened an Arabidopsis thaliana activation tag mutant collection. In such mutants, tagged genes are overexpressed by a strong 35S enhancer adjacent to the natural promoter, resulting in a dominant gain-of-function phenotype. We previously identified several of these mutants on which the aphid Myzus persicae showed a reduced population development compared with wild type. In the present study we show that the gene responsible for the phenotype of one of the mutants is At5g65040 and named this gene Increased Resistance to Myzus persicae 1 (IRM1). Overexpression of the cloned IRM1 gene conferred a phenotype identical to that of the original mutant. Conversely, an IRM1 knockout mutant promoted aphid population development compared to the wild type. We performed Electrical Penetration Graph analysis to investigate how probing and feeding behaviour of aphids was affected on plants that either overexpressed IRM1 or contained a knockout mutation in this gene. The EPG results indicated that the aphids encounter resistance factors while reaching for the phloem on the overexpressing line. This resistance mechanism also affected other aphid species and is suggested to be of mechanical nature. Interestingly, genetic variation for IRM1 expression in response to aphid attack was observed. Upon aphid attack the expression of IRM1 was initially (after 6 hours) induced in ecotype Wassilewskija followed by suppression. In Columbia-0, IRM1 expression was already suppressed six hours after the start of the infestation. The resistance conferred by the overexpression of IRM1 in A. thaliana trades off with plant growth.

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Identification of silverleaf whitefly resistance in pepper

Cited by 47 publications

References 38 publications

High throughput phenotyping for aphid resistance in large plant collections

High throughput phenotyping for aphid resistance in large plant collections

Survival of Bemisia tabaci and activity of plant defense-related enzymes in genotypes of Capsicum annuum L.

Overexpression of IRM1 Enhances Resistance to Aphids in Arabidopsis thaliana

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