Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Canada

Poutanen, Susan M.; Low, Donald E.; Henry, Bonnie; Finkelstein, Sandy; Rose, David; Green, Karen; Tellier, Raymond; Draker, Ryan; Adachi, Dena; Ayers, Melissa; Chan, Adrienne K.; Skowronski, Danuta M.; Salit, Irving E.; Simor, Andrew E.; Slutsky, Arthur S.; Doyle, Patrick; Krajden, Mel; Petric, Martin; Brunham, Robert C.; McGeer, Allison

doi:10.1056/nejmoa030634

Cited by 1,004 publications

(962 citation statements)

References 20 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

859

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…He died on March 13. By the time the WHO issued a global alert on March 12, at least 14 persons in Toronto had been infected with SARS-CoV through four generations of spread, much of which took place from patients to HCW's who were unaware of the special threat [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Predicting epidemics on directed contact networks

Meyers

Newman

Pourbohloul

2006

Journal of Theoretical Biology

261

245

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Contact network epidemiology is an approach to modeling the spread of infectious diseases that explicitly considers patterns of person-to-person contacts within a community. Contacts can be asymmetric, with a person more likely to infect one of their contacts than to become infected by that contact. This is true for some sexually transmitted diseases that are more easily caught by women than men during heterosexual encounters; and for severe infectious diseases that cause an average person to seek medical attention and thereby potentially infect health care workers who would not, in turn, have an opportunity to infect that average person. Here we use methods from percolation theory to develop a mathematical framework for predicting disease transmission through semi-directed contact networks in which some contacts are undirected -the probability of transmission is symmetric between individuals -and others are directed -transmission is possible only in one direction. We find that probability of an epidemic and the expected fraction of a population infected during an epidemic can be different in semi-directed networks, in contrast to the routine assumption that these two quantities are equal. Using these methods, we furthermore demonstrate the vulnerability of health care workers and the importance hospital-based containment during outbreaks of severe respiratory diseases.3

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there is a line defined by (33) and (34) of transmissibility values, below which we expect only small outbreaks of expected size s and above which an epidemic is possible. If average transmissibility is the same for directed and undirected edges, then there is a single critical transmissibility:…”

Section: Derivations Of Epidemic Quantitiesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Predicting epidemics on directed contact networks

Meyers

Newman

Pourbohloul

2006

Journal of Theoretical Biology

261

245

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ribavirin therapy for SARS was evaluated in seven studies [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. There was an inconsistent mortality rate ranging from 5 to 43%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was an inconsistent mortality rate ranging from 5 to 43%. Two studies showed improvement of symptoms in 71.4 and 80% of patients [16,17]. In addition, a significant incidence of adverse events including hemolysis is reported with ribavirin [18].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What are our pharmacotherapeutic options for MERS-CoV?

Al‐Tawfiq

Memish

2014

Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…

Cell Research | www.cell-research.com Antiviral effects of IFN-α against MHV-1 220 npg ORIGINAL ARTICLE

IntroductionIn March 2003, a number of laboratories independently reported the isolation and characterization of a novel coronavirus (CoV) from specimens of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [1,2]. Although an effective therapeutic strategy against SARS has yet to be developed, interferons (IFN) are recognized to play critical roles in host resistance to viral infection [3][4][5][6], thereby implicating them as potential candidates for SARS CoV treatment.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the antiviral effects of interferon-α against a SARS-like coronoavirus infection in vitro

et al. 2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cell Research | www.cell-research.com Antiviral effects of IFN-α against MHV-1 220 npg ORIGINAL ARTICLE IntroductionIn March 2003, a number of laboratories independently reported the isolation and characterization of a novel coronavirus (CoV) from specimens of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) [1,2]. Although an effective therapeutic strategy against SARS has yet to be developed, interferons (IFN) are recognized to play critical roles in host resistance to viral infection [3][4][5][6], thereby implicating them as potential candidates for SARS CoV treatment. IFNs inhibit viral infection by directly interfering with viral replication and by inducing both an innate and adaptive immune response to infection. IFN-αs are effective in the treatment of hepatitis B and C [7,8] and respiratory coronavirus infections unrelated to the Urbani strain of SARS-CoV [9][10][11][12]. , and combinations of 18] are effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV replication in vitro. Moreover, it was reported that macacque monkeys were protected from infection with SARS CoV by treatment with .IFN alfacon-1 (Infergen, Intermune Corp, Brisbane, California), a synthetic IFN-α designed to represent a consensus , has been shown in both cell culture systems [21] and comparative clinical trials [22] to inhibit viral replication more potently than other IFN-αs. Based on these findings, a pilot study to evaluate the potential clinical benefit and safety of IFN alfacon-1 in SARS treatment was conducted by our laboratory. Interferon (IFN)-αs bind to and activate their cognate cell surface receptor to invoke an antiviral response in target cells. Well-described receptor-mediated signaling events result in transcriptional regulation of IFN sensitive genes, effectors of this antiviral response. Results from a pilot study to evaluate the clinical efficacy of IFN-α treatment of SARS patients provided evidence for IFN-inducible resolution of disease. In this report we examined the contribution of IFN-inducible phosphorylation-activation of specific signaling effectors to protection from infection by a SARS-related murine coronavirus, MHV-1. As anticipated, the earliest receptor-activation event, Jak1 phosphorylation, is critical for IFN-inducible protection from MHV-1 infection. Additionally, we provide evidence for the contribution of two kinases, the MAP kinase p38MAPK, and protein kinase C (PKC) d to antiviral protection from MHV-1 infection. Notably, our data suggest that MHV-1 infection, as for the Urbani SARS coronoavirus, inhibits an IFN response, inferred from the lack of activation of pkr and 2'5'-oas, genes associated with mediating the antiviral activities of IFN-αs. To identify potential target genes that are activated downstream of the IFN-inducible signaling effectors we identified, and that mediate protection from coronavirus infection, we examined the gene expression profiles in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of SARS patients who received IFN treatment. A subset of differentially regulated genes were distinguished with...

show abstract

Identification of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Canada

Cited by 1,004 publications

References 20 publications

Predicting epidemics on directed contact networks

Predicting epidemics on directed contact networks

What are our pharmacotherapeutic options for MERS-CoV?

Characterization of the antiviral effects of interferon-α against a SARS-like coronoavirus infection in vitro

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About