Identification of senkyunolide I metabolites in rats using ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry

Preparation and structural determination of four metabolites of senkyunolide I in rats using ultra performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra

“…The NMR data of the other C atoms suggested that M3 has the same parent construction as M1 and M2. In our previous study [23], we also observed that glutathione conjugation was one of the metabolic pathways of SEI in vivo. The HMBC spectra showed cross peaks between C-10′ ( δ C 36.7) and H-7 ( δ H 3.86, d, J  = 3.3 Hz).…”

“…All the NMR spectra of M1 were similar to those of SEI [24, 25], except for the additional glucuronic acid unit. In our previous study [23], we noted that glucuronidation was one of the major metabolic pathways of SEI in vivo, and the structure this metabolite was elucidated as SEI-6S-O- β -D-glucuronide or SEI-7S-O- β -D-glucuronide. In the present study, there was a long-range correlation between H-6 ( δ H 4.07, m) and C-1′ ( δ C 79.5) in HMBC spectrum (Table 2).…”

“…Its oral bioavailability was approximately 37.25%, but it was quickly eliminated from plasma, with a half life of less than 60 min. In a second metabolic experiment [23], the biotransformation of SEI was investigated using UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Eighteen metabolites were identified and the result indicated that methylation, hydration, epoxidation, glucuronidation and glutathione conjugation were the major pathways of SEI metabolism in vivo. Based on the results above, the fast elimination from plasma could be explained by rapid and extensive metabolism.…”

“…Quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q/TOF-MS) is very useful in the characterization of drug metabolites because the technique provides accurate masses of ions and reveals valuable structural information [22]. In our previous study [23], 18 metabolites were characterized on the basis of ultra performance liquid chromatography/Q/TOF-MS (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) analysis. However, because there are two chiral carbons (6-C and 7-C) in the molecular structure of SEI, the chemical structures of SEI conjugates present in vivo have not been fully characterized using Q/TOF-MS. To confirm further the structures of the main metabolites, and to obtain the pharmacological and toxicological information on them, it is essential to obtain adequate reference standards.…”

Identification of the absorbed components and metabolites of modified Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan in rat plasma by UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS/MS

“…The metabolism of lactones (Senkyunolide A/H/I, ligustilide, butylidenephthalide, 3‐butylphthalide and levistilide A) in rat urine and bile have been investigated (Shi, He, & Wang, ; Xiong, Lin, Liang, Shen, & Feng, ). Most of the metabolites were formed through the phase II metabolic route, and glucuronidation and sulfation were considered to be the main metabolism pathways of lactones.…”