Identification of semiochemicals attractive to <i><scp>S</scp>imulium vittatum</i> (<scp>IS</scp>‐7)

Verocai, Guilherme G.; McGaha, Tommy W.; Iburg, Joseph P.; Katholi, Charles R.; Cupp, Eddie W.; Noblet, Raymond; Unnasch, Thomas R.

doi:10.1111/mve.12218

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Naphthalene has been reported to occur in humans, 22 cattle, 23 and dogs, 24 and it could be involved in location of hosts for blood meals. Our results also support earlier laboratory observations by Verocai et al 25 that naphthalene was attractive to the North American black fly species Simulium vittatum in electroantennogram (EAG) and Y-tube assays. Both S. damnosum s.s. and S. vittatum are zoophilic species that may attack a variety of hosts.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Identification of Human-Derived Attractants to Simulium damnosum Sensu Stricto in the Madi-Mid North Onchocerciasis Focus of Uganda

Cozart

Lakwo

Liu

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Human landing collections (HLCs) have been the standard method for the collection of black flies that serve as vectors for Onchocerca volvulus, the causative agent of onchocerciasis or river blindness. However, HLCs are inefficient and may expose collectors to vector-borne pathogens. The Esperanza window trap (EWT) has been shown to be a potential alternative to HLCs for the collection of Simulium damnosum, the principal vector of O. volvulus in Africa. To improve the performance of the EWT, sweat from individuals highly attractive or less attractive to S. damnosum sensu stricto was examined by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Twelve compounds were identified which were solely present or present in increased amounts in the sweat of the highly attractive individuals. Two of these compounds (naphthalene and tert-hexadecyl mercaptan) were found to be attractive to S. damnosum s.s. in behavioral assays. Traps baited with these compounds outperformed those baited with the current standard bait of worn socks. Using these newly identified compounds as baits will make the EWT more efficient in collecting vector black flies and may enhance the potential utility of the EWT as a local vector control measure.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Identification of Human-Derived Attractants to Simulium damnosum Sensu Stricto in the Madi-Mid North Onchocerciasis Focus of Uganda

Cozart

Lakwo

Liu

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…This loss of efficiency makes mopHLCs less practical for disease monitoring than sHLCs, it may, however, be possible to improve the efficiency of mopHLCs. While there is relatively little data on how anthropophilic simuliids are lured to human hosts, it is clear that skin odour volatiles play a crucial role in luring host-seeking anthropophilic mosquito species [27–29]. It could be, thus, that the loss of efficiency of mopHLC-only trapping, which we observed in our experiments, is explained by skin-applied mineral oil preventing or reducing the release of simuliid-attracting skin odour volatiles that are released in sHLCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blackflies in the ointment: O. volvulus vector biting can be significantly reduced by the skin-application of mineral oil during human landing catches

et al. 2019

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Background Standard human landing catches (sHLCs) have historically been a key component of Onchocerca volvulus transmission monitoring, but expose health-workers to potentially hazardous vector bites. Novel human-bait-free trapping methods have been developed, but do not always work where they are needed and may not generate O . volvulus surveillance data that is directly comparable with historic data. Methodology Simuliid sHLCs and mineral-oil protected HLCs (mopHLCs) were performed in a rural village of Amazonas state, Brazil. A four-hour direct comparisons of sHLCs and mopHLCs was carried-out using six vector collectors, each of whom used one leg for a sHLC and one for a mopHLC. Two-person collection teams then exclusively performed either mopHLCs or sHLCs for a further set of 12 four-hour collections. Following the completion of all collections, simuliid-bite mark estimates were made from legs used exclusively in sHLCs and legs used exclusively in mopHLCs. Principal findings All of the 1669 captured simuliids were identified as the O . volvulus vector Simulium oyapockense . Overall, mopHLC simuliids captured per hour (S/H) rates were lower than those obtained with sHLC trapping (15.5 S/H versus 20 S/H). Direct comparisons of simuliid capture rates found that vector-collectors captured simuliids significantly more efficiently ( : 20.5 S/H) with mopHLC trapping than with sHLC trapping ( : 16.4 S/H): P-value = 0.002. MopHLCs performed in isolation were, however, observed to capture vectors less efficiently ( : 13.4 S/H) than sHLCs performed under similar conditions ( : 19.98 S/H). All six vector collectors had significantly higher simuliid capture per counted bite mark (SC/CBM) rates using mopHLCs than they were observe to have using sHLCs ( : 21 SC/CBM versus : 1 SC/CBM; p-value = 0.03125). Conclusions Vector collectors captured significantly more simuliids per counted bite mark with mopHLCs than with sHLCs. Further investigations into the utility of mopHLCs for onchocerciasis xenomonitoring and beyond are merited.

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“…Most recently, a study using EAG and Y-tube assays identified five compounds: octenol, 2-heptanone, acetophenone, 1-octanol and naphthalene, as attractive to Simulium vittatum Zetterstedt s.l. (Verocai et al 2016). This simulid species is a vector of vesicular stomatitis virus to several livestock species (Cupp et al 1992;Mead et al 2004).…”

Section: Black Flies (Diptera: Simuliidae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

1. Livestock pests and vector-borne diseases – a much neglected subject

Takken¹,

Bouyer²,

Smallegange³

et al. 2018

Pests and Vector-Borne Diseases in the Livestock Industry

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Worldwide the livestock industry, from small farmers to large industrialized farms, is affected by arthropods and arthropod-borne diseases at various scales, which cause huge losses and are a constraint to socio-economic development. Farmers make considerable efforts to prevent and control pest and disease incidence, often requiring the use of vaccines, if available, drugs and pesticides. Examples of current problems are presented, to set the stage for the detailed and state-of-the-art presentations of specific cases of livestock pests and their associated diseases and modern methods of prevention and control.

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Identification of semiochemicals attractive to Simulium vittatum (IS‐7)

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

Identification of Human-Derived Attractants to Simulium damnosum Sensu Stricto in the Madi-Mid North Onchocerciasis Focus of Uganda

Identification of Human-Derived Attractants to Simulium damnosum Sensu Stricto in the Madi-Mid North Onchocerciasis Focus of Uganda

Blackflies in the ointment: O. volvulus vector biting can be significantly reduced by the skin-application of mineral oil during human landing catches

1. Livestock pests and vector-borne diseases – a much neglected subject

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