Identification of Saprolegnia Spp. Pathogenic in Chinook Salmon : Final Report.

Whisler, Howard C.

doi:10.2172/515540

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Molecular methods such as DNA fingerprinting, random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR), and the polymerase chain reaction coupled with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) have been effectively applied to taxonomic issues involving oomycetes [2,3,7,17]. Especially, the use of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) in combination with morphological data has greatly promoted the correct species identification within oomycetes and other organisms [3,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saprolegnia brachydanis, A New Oomycete Isolated from Zebra Fish

Wang

et al. 2008

Mycopathologia

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Saprolegnia brachydanis is described from zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The species is illustrated and compared with other species of the genus. The distinctive characteristics of S. brachydanis are the production of glomerulate oogonia wrapped around by predominantly monoclinous antheridia which can be up to eight in one oogonium. The oogonial stalks are short, straight, or curved and the antheridia, twisted, can enwind one or more oogonia. The oospores cannot mature or easily abort. Morphological features of the oomycete and the ITS sequence of its rDNA as well as the comparison with related species are discussed in this article.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saprolegnia brachydanis, A New Oomycete Isolated from Zebra Fish

Wang

et al. 2008

Mycopathologia

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“…However, it has become apparent that some S. parasitica strains are highly virulent and able to cause primary infections on salmon [3,9,10]. Infections occur on both eggs and fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expressed sequence tags from the oomycete fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica reveal putative virulence factors

et al. 2005

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Background: The oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica is one of the most economically important fish pathogens. There is a dramatic recrudescence of Saprolegnia infections in aquaculture since the use of the toxic organic dye malachite green was banned in 2002. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying pathogenicity in S. parasitica and other animal pathogenic oomycetes. In this study we used a genomics approach to gain a first insight into the transcriptome of S. parasitica.

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“…Saprolegnia is an opportunistic pathogen that is saprotrophic and necrotrophic (3), although some S. parasitica strains are very virulent and can cause primary infections (8). Saprolegnia has a fairly broad temperature tolerance (3 to 33°C) (9), with sudden changes in water temperature making fish vulnerable to infection by Saprolegnia (3,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Clotrimazole as a Potent Agent for Treating the Oomycete Fish Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica through Inhibition of Sterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51)

Warrilow

Hull

Rolley

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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A candidate CYP51 gene encoding sterol 14␣-demethylase from the fish oomycete pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica (SpCYP51) was identified based on conserved CYP51 residues among CYPs in the genome. It was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized. Lanosterol, eburicol, and obtusifoliol bound to purified SpCYP51 with similar binding affinities (K s , 3 to 5 M). Eight pharmaceutical and six agricultural azole antifungal agents bound tightly to SpCYP51, with posaconazole displaying the highest apparent affinity (K d , <3 nM) and prothioconazole-desthio the lowest (K d , ϳ51 nM). The efficaciousness of azole antifungals as SpCYP51 inhibitors was confirmed by 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC 50 s) of 0.17 to 2.27 M using CYP51 reconstitution assays. However, most azole antifungal agents were less effective at inhibiting S. parasitica, Saprolegnia diclina, and Saprolegnia ferax growth. Epoxiconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole failed to inhibit Saprolegnia growth (MIC 100 , >256 g ml ؊1 ). The remaining azoles inhibited Saprolegnia growth only at elevated concentrations (MIC 100 [the lowest antifungal concentration at which growth remained completely inhibited after 72 h at 20°C], 16 to 64 g ml ؊1 ) with the exception of clotrimazole, which was as potent as malachite green (MIC 100 , ϳ1 g ml ؊1 ). Sterol profiles of azole-treated Saprolegnia species confirmed that endogenous CYP51 enzymes were being inhibited with the accumulation of lanosterol in the sterol fraction. The effectiveness of clotrimazole against SpCYP51 activity (IC 50 , ϳ1 M) and the concentration inhibiting the growth of Saprolegnia species in vitro (MIC 100 , ϳ1 to 2 g ml ؊1 ) suggest that clotrimazole could be used against Saprolegnia infections, including as a preventative measure by pretreatment of fish eggs, and for freshwater-farmed fish as well as in leisure activities.

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Identification of Saprolegnia Spp. Pathogenic in Chinook Salmon : Final Report.

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Saprolegnia brachydanis, A New Oomycete Isolated from Zebra Fish

Saprolegnia brachydanis, A New Oomycete Isolated from Zebra Fish

Expressed sequence tags from the oomycete fish pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica reveal putative virulence factors

Clotrimazole as a Potent Agent for Treating the Oomycete Fish Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica through Inhibition of Sterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51)

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