Identification of Saliva Proteins of the Spider Mite <i>Tetranychus evansi</i> by Transcriptome and LC–MS/MS Analyses

Huang, Hai‐Jian; Cui, Jia‐Rong; Chen, Lei; Zhu, Yu‐Xi; Hong, Xia

doi:10.1002/pmic.201800302

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The gene repertoires of salivary glands in planthoppers were found to be very similar, but their salivary secretions varied and only a few proteins were commonly identified (Huang, Lu et al, ). Limited overlap between secreted salivary proteins was also reported in aphids (Vandermoten et al, ) and spider mites (Huang, Cui, Chen, Zhu, & Hong, ). Saliva acts as an important “intermediary” in the coevolutionary arms race between plants and herbivores.…”

Section: Complexity Of Planthopper Salivamentioning

confidence: 65%

How does saliva function in planthopper–host interactions?

Huang

Zhang

Hong

2019

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Planthoppers are highly destructive pests that damage rice plants by feeding and transmitting viruses. They feed on phloem sap using specialized mouthparts and secrete saliva during feeding. Over the past decade, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches have greatly improved our understanding of the complexity of planthopper saliva, and have provided a glimpse of planthopper-plant interactions. Here we focus on a few recent advances in planthopper saliva and discuss how salivary components influence planthopper performance. Understanding the molecular basis of saliva in planthopper-plant interactions will provide evolutionary insights, and promote the development of novel strategies for controlling agricultural pests. K E Y W O R D S host-plant relationship, planthopper, saliva

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Section: Complexity Of Planthopper Salivamentioning

confidence: 65%

How does saliva function in planthopper–host interactions?

Huang

Zhang

Hong

2019

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…Identification of insect salivary proteins may help elucidate their roles in modulating plant–herbivore interactions. To date, a few salivary proteins have been identified in certain piercing‐sucking insects 4–10 . These substances may positively 11–17 or negatively 3, 18, 19 regulate insect performance on plant hosts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A salivary calcium‐binding protein from Laodelphax striatellus acts as an effector that suppresses defense in rice

Tian

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca2+)‐binding proteins in the saliva of herbivorous insects function as effectors to attenuate host plant defenses and thus improve insect feeding performance. Silencing these genes via transgenic plant‐mediated RNAi is thus a promising pest control strategy. However, their sequences and functions in the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus (SBPH) remain to be investigated. RESULTS We identified a putative EF‐hand Ca2+‐binding protein (LsECP1) in SBPH watery saliva. LsECP1 was expressed extremely high in the salivary glands but at a low level during the egg stage. Transient LsECP1 expression in rice cells indicated its cytoplasm and nucleus localization. The bacterially expressed recombinant LsECP1 protein exhibited Ca2+‐binding activity. Rice plants fed by SBPH nymphs with knocked down LsECP1 exhibited higher levels of cytosolic Ca2+, jasmonic acid (JA), jasmonoyl‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Consistently, application of heterogeneously expressed LsECP1 protein suppressed wound‐induced JA, JA‐Ile and H2O2 accumulation in rice. Thus, LsECP1 knockdown by dsRNA injection resulted in reduced feeding, fecundity and survival rates of SBPH reared on rice plants. Transgenic rice plants constitutively expressing LsECP1 dsRNA were produced, and plant‐mediated LsECP1 knockdown enhanced rice resistance to SBPH. CONCLUSION SBPH LsECP1 acts as an effector to impair host rice defense responses and promotes SBPH performance. This discovery provides a potential gene target for plant‐mediated RNAi‐based pest management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…Third, plants may respond to spider mite secretions such as silk ( Grbic et al., 2011 ; Doğan et al., 2017 ), feces ( Santamaria et al., 2015 ), and especially the saliva they inject into host cells during feeding, reminiscent of herbivorous insects ( Howe and Jander, 2008 ; Maffei et al., 2012 ). The saliva of T. urticae ( Jonckheere et al., 2016 ) and T. evansi ( Huang et al., 2019 ) contains roughly 100 proteins. A family of 13 secreted salivary T. urticae proteins, referred to as SHOT, was shown to be exhibit strong host-dependent transcriptional plasticity ( Jonckheere et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Juvenile Spider Mites Induce Salicylate Defenses, but Not Jasmonate Defenses, Unlike Adults

et al. 2020

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When plants detect herbivores they strengthen their defenses. As a consequence, some herbivores evolved the means to suppress these defenses. Research on induction and suppression of plant defenses usually makes use of particular life stages of herbivores. Yet many herbivorous arthropods go through development cycles in which their successive stages have different characteristics and lifestyles. Here we investigated the interaction between tomato defenses and different herbivore developmental stages using two herbivorous spider mites, i.e., Tetranychus urticae of which the adult females induce defenses and T. evansi of which the adult females suppress defenses in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). First, we monitored egg-to-adult developmental time on tomato wild type (WT) and the mutant defenseless-1 (def-1, unable to produce jasmonate-(JA)defenses). Then we assessed expression of salivary effector genes (effector 28, 84, SHOT2b, and SHOT3b) in the consecutive spider mite life stages as well as adult males and females. Finally, we assessed the extent to which tomato plants upregulate JA-and salicylate-(SA)-defenses in response to the consecutive mite developmental stages and to the two sexes. The consecutive juvenile mite stages did not induce JA defenses and, accordingly, egg-to-adult development on WT and def-1 did not differ for either mite species. Their eggs however appeared to suppress the SA-response. In contrast, all the consecutive feeding stages upregulated SA-defenses with the strongest induction by T. urticae larvae. Expression of effector genes was higher in the later developmental stages. Comparing expression in adult males and females revealed a striking pattern: while expression of effector 84 and SHOT3b was higher in T. urticae females than in males, this was the opposite for T. evansi. We also observed T. urticae females to upregulate tomato defenses, while T. evansi females did not. In addition, of both species also the males did not upregulate defenses. Hence, we argue that mite ontogenetic niche shifts and stagespecific composition of salivary secreted proteins probably together determine the course and efficiency of induced tomato defenses.

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Identification of Saliva Proteins of the Spider Mite Tetranychus evansi by Transcriptome and LC–MS/MS Analyses

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

How does saliva function in planthopper–host interactions?

How does saliva function in planthopper–host interactions?

A salivary calcium‐binding protein from Laodelphax striatellus acts as an effector that suppresses defense in rice

Juvenile Spider Mites Induce Salicylate Defenses, but Not Jasmonate Defenses, Unlike Adults

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