Identification of Salicylic Acid Mechanism against Leaf Blight Disease in Oryza sativa by SR-FTIR Microspectroscopic and Docking Studies

Abstract

The present study was to investigate the application and mechanism of salicylic acid (SA) as SA-Ricemate for the control of leaf blight disease using a Synchrotron Radiation-based Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (SR-FTIR) microspectroscopy and docking studies. After treating rice plants cv. KDML 105 with SA-Ricemate, the leaves were inoculated with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of leaf blight, and disease severity were assessed. The leaves were also used to detect changes in endogenous SA content. The results indicated that SA-Ricemate, as an activated compound, reduced disease severity by 60% at three weeks post-inoculation and increased endogenous content by 50%. The SR-FTIR analysis of changes in the mesophyll of leaves (treated and untreated) showed that the groups of lipids, pectins, and proteins amide I and amide II occurred at higher values, and polysaccharides were shown at lower values in treated compared to untreated. Besides, docking studies were used to model a three-dimensional structure for Pathogenesis-related (PR1b) protein and further identify its interaction with SA. The results showed that ASP28, ARG31, LEU32, GLN97, and ALA93 are important residues that have strong hydrogen bonds with SA. The docking results showed that SA has a good interaction, confirming its role in expression.

Identification of a Chitooligosaccharide Mechanism against Bacterial Leaf Blight on Rice by In Vitro and In Silico Studies

“…Plants have innate immunity that allows them to resist infection by means of a wide range of phytopathogens. Once the resistance mechanism is established within the plant, the protective components are strengthened, resulting in resistance to future phytopathogenic infections [ 4 , 5 ].…”

“…The most widely accepted mechanism is the interaction of positively charged chitosan with negatively charged residues on the cell surface of many fungi and bacteria, which results in extensive cell surface alterations, as well as changes in cell permeability. Furthermore, several studies [ 5 , 6 , 7 ] have shown that chitosan can induce resistance against bacterial pathogens in plants exposed to it. Although the use of natural plant elicitors to control crop diseases is widespread, Thailand needs to assess the effectiveness of BLB disease control.…”

“…Despite significant differences in their underlying chemical structures, molecules that elicit similar interactions [ 11 ] produce similar MIFs. This paradigm enables a variety of important scientific tasks, such as bioisosteric replacement and molecular similarity assessments, as well as virtual screening, quantitative structure–activity relationships, and metabolic liability predictions [ 5 ]. However, the precise mechanism of action of chitosan’s inhibitory activity against pathogenic bacteria in plants remains unknown.…”

Bacillus vallismortis TU-Orga21 blocks rice blast through both direct effect and stimulation of plant defense

“…Measurements were performed by mapping at an aperture size of 10 × 10 μm and spectral resolution mode of 4 cm -1 with 64 scans. Spectral derivatives were generated using OPUS 7.2 (Hanau, Germany), The data and principal component analysis (PCA) were analyzed using Cytospec™ and UnscramblerX 10.0 (New Jersey, USA) ( Thepbandit et al., 2021 ).…”

Synergistic relationship of endophyte-nanomaterials to alleviate abiotic stress in plants

“…For instance, B. amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 producing ABA can enhance rice yield in soil with a high salt concentration (Ganie et al, 2021). This bacterium produces essential amino acids and salicylic acid which assist rice growth in salinity/ drought conditions (Thepbandit et al, 2021). The endophytic fungus, Bipolaris sp., produces gibberellins which contribute to the growth of Glycine max (Lubna et al, 2022).…”