Identification of rutin deglycosylated metabolites produced by human intestinal bacteria using UPLC–Q-TOF/MS

Interactions of pharmacokinetic profile of different parts from Ginkgo biloba extract in rats

“…The strategies aimed at improving the drug absorption can be realized mainly through regulating the physiology conditions of gastrointestinal tract, especially by altering the expression of intestinal drug transporters as well as by inhibiting or inducing cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs), which expressed in the human hepatic and intestinal. For example, bacteria in the intestine may play a signi¿cant role in the metabolism of flavonoids (Lu et al, 2013;Yang et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2009).…”

Identification of isoquercitrin metabolites produced by human intestinal bacteria using UPLC‐Q‐TOF/MS

“…Both the sugar moiety and the type of glycosidic binding affect the microbial degradation of flavonoids (Hein et al, 2008). Previous studies in our laboratory investigated the deglycosylation of rutin from 100 different bacteria using Metabolynx ™ software, and two metabolites, quercetin-3-glucoside and leucocyanidin, were identified (Yang et al, 2012). As isoquercitrin has a suitable molecular polarity and many beneficial properties in metabolic processes (Jung et al, 2010), we attempted to investigate the metabolic ability and characteristics of isoquercitrin to clarify the differing ability to hydrolyze flavonoid glycosides of different bacterial strains.…”

Identification of allocryptopine and protopine metabolites in rat liver S9 by high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

“…Currently, there are also some reports on identification of drug metabolites using hybrid mass analyzers, such as quadrupole/time-of-fight (QqTOF), linear ion trap/Orbitrap (LTQ-Orbitrap) ion-trap/time-of-flight (IT/TOF) and linear IT/FTICR (LTQ-FT-ICR), which provide accurate mass measurements in structural assignments that help with data interpretation. [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] On the basis of accurate tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra and the known structures of AL and PR, we proposed the chemical structures for the metabolites detected.…”