IDENTIFICATION OF Pseudomonas spp. AS AMOEBA-RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS IN ISOLATES OF Acanthamoeba

Maschio, Vinícius José; Corção, Gertrudes; Rott, Marilise Brittes

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652015000100012

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Pseudomonas spp. are highly adaptable bacteria that have the ability to colonize various environmental niches (José Maschio et al 2015). Few of them evolved their ability and were able to survive predation by amoeba as supported in previous study by Siddiqui and Khan (2012) where Pseudomonas aeruginosa were reported to be naturally presence in Acanthamoeba and was proven in this study, as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Few of them evolved their ability and were able to survive predation by amoeba as supported in previous study by Siddiqui and Khan (2012) where Pseudomonas aeruginosa were reported to be naturally presence in Acanthamoeba and was proven in this study, as well. One of the reasons that led to this association is the presence of biofilm, where it plays a major role in the pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba keratitis as its provide attractive niches for both Acanthamoeba and bacteria especially in contaminated contact lens storage in keratitis cases (Khan 2006;José Maschio et al 2015). The interaction between Acanthamoeba and other microbial agents caused a great concern in the ability of this amoeba to indirectly transport a pathogen from the environment to humans including possible effects of their interactions on the virulence and pathogenicity of both organisms in human infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acanthamoeba spp. has been exhibited to create endosymbiotic association with the various waterborne microscopic organisms including Mycobacterium, Legionella and Pseudomonas bacteria (Yu et al 2007;José Maschio et al 2015). The interaction might be vital in both the development and survival of these opportunistic pathogens in clinical and environmental isolates and their capabilities to infect the humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Detection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba spp.: A Preliminary Study

Hanapiah

Nordin

Suboh

et al. 2017

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ABSTRAK Acanthamoeba spp. merupakan ameba hidup bebas yang biasa ditemui di persekitaran. Ia merupakan agen penyebab keratitis Acanthamoeba (AK) dan ensefalitis ameba bergranuloma (GAE). Ameba ini juga mampu menjadi perumah kepada pelbagai bakteria termasuklah yang bersifat patogenik seperti Mycobacterium, Legionella dan Staphylococcus aureus rintang metisilin (MRSA Med & Health Dec 2017;12(2): 286-292 & Khan 2012) and plays a major role in controlling microbial communities (Greub & Roult 2004). Normally, ingested microorganisms are rapidly killed and digested by the host cell's phagocytosis process and the same is seen in amoeba. However, several bacteria develop mechanism and survival strategies allowing them to resist phagocytosis pressure by Acanthamoeba (Molmeret et al. 2005;Akya et al. 2010). The capabilities of Acanthamoeba serving as a reservoir for bacteria received lot of interest (Greub & Raoult 2004) as most of these organisms were pathogenic to ABSTRACT Acanthamoeba spp. is a free-living amoeba commonly found in the environment. It is the causative agent of Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). This amoeba is also a host to various bacteria including pathogenic ones such as Mycobacterium, Legionella, Pseudomonas and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In light of this information, a study was undertaken to detect these bacterial endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from air-conditioning outlets in wards and operating theatres in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). The presence of these bacteria was screened using primer pair targeting each genus and further confirmed by sequencing analysis. Twenty-nine (80.56 %) Acanthamoeba isolates were found to contain targeted bacterial endosymbiont with at least one genus of bacteria per isolates. Mycobacterium spp. (82.76 %) were the most common bacteria detected, followed by Legionella spp. (65.52 %) and Pseudomonas spp. (62.07 %). No MRSA were detected in any isolates used in this study. Most of the Mycobacterium endosymbionts were non-tuberculous mycobacteria, while only two were part of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex group. We conclude that most Acanthamoeba have the potential to host various pathogenic bacteria. However, the implication on the pathogenicity of both organisms remains unclear and further investigations are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Detection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba spp.: A Preliminary Study

Hanapiah

Nordin

Suboh

et al. 2017

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“…However, these studies did not identify these intra-amoebal bacteria at the species level. Co-culture studies with Acanthamoeba or Vermamoeba showed the ability of S. maltophilia and P. aeruginosa to resist amoebal digestion and multiply inside (Marolda et al 1999;Cateau et al 2014;José Maschio et al 2015). Our data then clearly confirmed the potential presence of these pathogens associated with FLA. Those reports are of public health concern as both species can be responsible of both nosocomial and community-acquired infections (Looney et al 2009;Mariappan et al 2013;Winstanley et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Diversity of free-living amoebae in soils and their associated human opportunistic bacteria

et al. 2017

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Free-living amoebae (FLA) are ubiquitous protozoa found worldwide in the environment. They feed by phagocytosis on various microorganisms. However, some bacteria, i.e., amoebae-resistant bacteria (ARB) or bacterial endocytobionts, can resist phagocytosis and even multiply inside FLA. This study investigated the diversity of culturable FLA in various soils from agricultural and mining sites and their bacterial endocytobionts. FLA were cultured on non-nutrient agar with alive Escherichia coli and identified by PCR and sequencing. Amoebae were lysed and bacterial endocytobionts were cultured on TSA 1/10 and Drigalski medium. Bacterial isolates were identified by PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing and characterized for their antibiotic resistance properties. To measure bacterial virulence, the amoebal model Dictyostelium discoideum was used. The analysis of FLA diversity showed that Tetramitus was the most prevalent genus in agricultural soil from Burkina Faso (73%) and garden soil from Vietnam (42%) while Naegleria and Acanthamoeba were dominant genera in mining soil from Vietnam (55%) and French alpine soil (77%). Some genera were only present in one out of the four soils analyzed. The bacterial endocytobiont included Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Human opportunistic pathogens identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and Burkholderia cepacia were found associated with amoebae including Micriamoeba, Tetramitus, Willaertia, or Acanthamoeba. Some of these bacteria showed various antibiotic resistance phenotypes and were virulent. Our study confirms that the occurrence of these opportunistic bacteria with FLA in soils may be important for the survival, multiplication, and spread of pathogens in the environment.

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“…The isolation of FLA naturally infected with Ps. aeruginosa [5,[26][27][28][29] demonstrated the role of amoebae and their cysts as vectors for these intracellular bacteria [30]. Our results showed the intracellular multiplication of Ps.…”

Section: Co-culture Of a Spelaea And Bacteriasupporting

confidence: 55%

Allovahlkampfia spelaea is a Potential Environmental Host for Pathogenic Bacteria

Mohamed¹,

Huseein²,

Farrag³

et al. 2016

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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Allovahlkampfia spelaea was identified for the first time in 2009. As a free living amoeba, it has been suggested to be a protective host for some bacterial pathogens against harsh environmental conditions and can transmit them to vulnerable hosts. We aimed in this study to test the interactions between Allovahlkampfia spelaea and some waterborne and foodborne bacteria and unravel if the tested bacteria can survive and multiply inside amoeba. We used a keratitis isolate of Allovahlkampfia spelaea grown in PYG medium containing proteose peptone, yeast extracts, and glucose. We examined amoeba interactions with Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli 1, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter cloaca, Proteus mirabilis, Raoultella terrigena, Raoultella ornitholytica, Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the co-culture assays. Amoebal survival rate with different bacterial strains were determined. With the exception of Proteus mirabilis that showed decreased survival rates inside amoebal cells, other bacterial isolates could survive and multiply inside Allovahlkampfia spelaea that was associated with decreased survival rates of the amoeba. Particularly, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila and MRSA exhibited significantly increased multiplication rates inside amoeba. Our study demonstrated that Allovahlkampfia spelaea may act as a replicative host for pathogenic bacteria with environmental and clinical implications.

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IDENTIFICATION OF Pseudomonas spp. AS AMOEBA-RESISTANT MICROORGANISMS IN ISOLATES OF Acanthamoeba

Cited by 25 publications

References 17 publications

Molecular Detection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba spp.: A Preliminary Study

Molecular Detection of Bacterial Endosymbionts in Acanthamoeba spp.: A Preliminary Study

Diversity of free-living amoebae in soils and their associated human opportunistic bacteria

Allovahlkampfia spelaea is a Potential Environmental Host for Pathogenic Bacteria

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