Identification of prospective industrial clusters in Slovakia

Abstract

A B S T R A C T Clusters became an integral part of regional policies intended to build and strengthen competitive advantages within specifically identified geographical areas. They are still considered crucial for economic development and employment, although their orientation has slightly changed as the distance and geographical boundaries lost their importance. This article analyses crucial regional data that indicates potentially beneficial economic concentrations as an assumption for the preparation of prospective clusters in Slovakia. Potential clusters were identified based on significant employment concentrations of particular regional industries that appear extraordinary when compared with national employment and the dynamic development within the selected time frame. Prospective clusters were identified, and opportunities of their development were described, including the harmonisation with the current regional and urban strategy. Analysing absolute and relative quantities in employment, sections and divisions of SK NACE were used for the proper identification of industries. The location quotient served as a tool for the spatial concentration of employment in the Banská Bystrica region, the threshold value for the selection of cluster candidates was set to 2. The shift-share analysis was used for the identification of long-term changes in employment, and 10% of the most dynamic industries were presented at the level of divisions once and then, at the level of sections of SK NACE. Forestry and logging, the manufacture of wood products and the manufacture of basic metals were confirmed by both methods as significant concentrations. The result partially corresponded with the previously active and currently inactive cluster in Banská Bystrica, which was focused on mechanical engineering, still significant when considering numbers of companies and employees as well as sales. Forestry was the most concentrated industry, while the wholesale and retail trades were the most dynamic. Forestry, logging and manufacture of wood products might be strongly interlinked with the current entrepreneurial and social strategy of self-governing regions that is still at the stage of potential cluster identification and fitting to its priorities. The article assumed basic quantitative methods utilised for the identification of prospective clusters. It confirmed the practicality of their application, the gravity of data processing and also certain possible limitations due to the extraordinary focus on the employment concentration. According to the analysis and gained results, the former cluster in the Banská Bystrica region was confirmed as the potentially significant actor in the regional policy (although, currently, having no industrial or public interest) and the new cluster candidates were identified. Outcomes indicated the need to continue the research with a more detailed examination of qualitative aspects that could complete the effort by focusing on clusters not only having higher employment statistics but also the supp...

Inter-organizational trust as a statement of social proximity

“…In this regard, they have already zoomed out on knowledge management and innovation subjects aiming to understand the knowledge transfer process in networks and clusters (Hoffman, Lopes, & Medeiros, 2014;Lai, Hsu, Lin, Chen, & Lin, 2014;Tomaszuk, 2017b). Since, as one of the most important potentials of clustering, "innovation" has declared that SMEs are interested in the underlined competitive advantage of clusters (Elexa, Lesáková, Klementová, & Klement, 2019). Because the knowledge transfer is specified as the main driver of innovative clusters (Casanueva, Castro, & Galán, 2013), the focus of a volume of the literature has been on the facilitators of knowledge transfer (Hoffman, Lopes, & Medeiros, 2014;Lai et al, 2014;Balland, Belso-Martínez, & Morrison, 2016).…”

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“…In this regard, they have already zoomed out on knowledge management and innovation subjects aiming to understand the knowledge transfer process in networks and clusters (Hoffman, Lopes, & Medeiros, 2014;Lai, Hsu, Lin, Chen, & Lin, 2014;Tomaszuk, 2017b). Since, as one of the most important potentials of clustering, "innovation" has declared that SMEs are interested in the underlined competitive advantage of clusters (Elexa, Lesáková, Klementová, & Klement, 2019). Because the knowledge transfer is specified as the main driver of innovative clusters (Casanueva, Castro, & Galán, 2013), the focus of a volume of the literature has been on the facilitators of knowledge transfer (Hoffman, Lopes, & Medeiros, 2014;Lai et al, 2014;.…”

Pro-innovative motives for establishing cooperation by enterprises: An empirical study in Poland

“…Moreover, literature also underlines the importance of the quality of ties/relations rather than their number (Czakon, 2012). A strong network of internal and external entities, alongside technical and social infrastructure and well-functioning strategic management, is one of the factors preconditioning international competitiveness (Gorynia, & Jankowska, 2008;Lis, 2018;Elexa, Lesáková, Klementová, & Klement, 2019).…”