The recently developed AlphaFold2 (AF2) algorithm predicts
proteins’
3D structures from amino acid sequences. The open AlphaFold protein
structure database covers the complete human proteome. Using an industry-leading
molecular docking method (Glide), we investigated the virtual screening
performance of 37 common drug targets, each with an AF2 structure
and known holo and apo structures
from the DUD-E data set. In a subset of 27 targets where the AF2 structures
are suitable for refinement, the AF2 structures show comparable early
enrichment of known active compounds (avg. EF 1%: 13.0) to apo structures (avg. EF 1%: 11.4) while falling behind early
enrichment of the holo structures (avg. EF 1%: 24.2).
With an induced-fit protocol (IFD-MD), we can refine the AF2 structures
using an aligned known binding ligand as the template to improve the
performance in structure-based virtual screening (avg. EF 1%: 18.9).
Glide-generated docking poses of known binding ligands can also be
used as templates for IFD-MD, achieving similar improvements (avg.
EF 1% 18.0). Thus, with proper preparation and refinement, AF2 structures
show considerable promise for in silico hit identification.