Identification of potential source regions and long-range transport routes/channels of marine PM2.5 at remote sites in East Asia

Yen, Po-Hsuan; Yuan, Chung-Shin; Soong, Ker-Yea; Jeng, Ming-Shiou; Cheng, Wen-Hsi

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170110

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Because PM 2.5 can be transported over long distances, neighboring cities and countries and even different continents can be influenced by PM2.5 originated from regional sources or transported from distant regions (Perry et al, 1997;VanCuren and Cahill, 2002;Park et al, 2004;Vallius et al, 2005;Uno et al, 2009;Amato et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2022a;Yen et al, 2024).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apportioning and Locating PM2.5 Sources Affecting Coastal Cities: Ulsan in South Korea and Dalian in China

Choi,

Jeon,

Lee

et al. 2024

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PM2.5 mass and its constituent species were analyzed in two coastal cities (Ulsan, South Korea, and Dalian, China) between July 13, 2018, and September 20, 2019. Ten and nine sources were identified in Ulsan and Dalian, respectively, using positive matrix factorization (PMF). In Ulsan, three sources (secondary nitrate [SN], secondary sulfate [SS], and traffic) contributed ~83.0% of the PM2.5 mass concentration (23.7 µg m -3 ) during the heating period. In Dalian, four sources (SN, SS, traffic, and residential burning) accounted for ~84.3% of the total PM2.5 mass concentration (47.8 µg m -3 ). Higher contributions of residential burning in Dalian (11.7 µg m -3 ) than biomass burning in Ulsan (0.22 µg m -3 ) were resolved during the heating period as was a higher proportion of SS contributions in Ulsan (6.28 µg m -3 , 41.6%) than in Dalian (6.42 µg m -3 , 21.2%) during nonheating period. Squared correlation coefficients (r 2 ) of sources common to the two cities were examined for lag times from -2 days to +4 days from Dalian to Ulsan. The largest r 2 of PM2.5 mass concentrations during the heating period was 0.34 on Lag day 1. The same day, largest r 2 during the non-heating period was 0.14 indicating, stronger, lagged PM 2.5 correlations during the heating period. The SN, SS, soil, and oil combustion sources, with r 2 values of 0.25, 0.20, 0.41, and 0.25, respectively, show fair correlations between the cities for these sources during the heating period.Probable source locations were identified by simplified quantitative transport bias analysis (SQTBA) and potential source contribution function (PSCF) as a multiple site approach and a single site approach, respectively. Weaker correlations of SN (r 2 = 0.15) and SS (r 2 < 0.1) during the non-heating period were supported by the different probable source locations. This study identified the sources requiring individual national and/or joint international efforts to reduce ambient PM 2.5 in these neighboring countries.

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