Identification of Potent hDHODH Inhibitors for Lung Cancer via Virtual Screening of a Rationally Designed Small Combinatorial Library

Abstract

Cancer is characterized by altered cellular metabolism, and metabolic enzymes are considered as a promising target for anticancer therapy. Pyrimidine metabolism dysregulation is associated with various types of cancer, particularly lung cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Recent studies have shown that small-cell lung cancer cells are particularly reliant on the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and are sensitive to its disruption. DHODH, the rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine production pathway, is essential in the production of RNA and DNA and is overexpressed in malignancies such as AML, skin cancer, breast cancer, and lung cancer, thereby highlighting DHODH as a viable target for developing drugs to combat lung cancer. Herein, rational drug design and computational techniques were used to discover novel DHODH inhibitors. A small combinatorial library was generated, and the top hits were synthesized and tested for anticancer activity against three lung cancer cell lines. Among the tested compounds, compound 5c possessed a stronger cytotoxicity (TC 50 of 11 μM) compared to the standard FDA-approved drug (Regorafenib, TC 50 of 13 μM) on the A549 cell line. Furthermore, compound 5c demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against hDHODH at a nanomolar level of 421 nM. DFT, molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulations, and free energy calculations were also carried out to understand the inhibitory mechanisms of the synthesized scaffolds. These in silico studies identified key mechanisms and structural features that will be crucial for future studies.

Machine Learning-Based Approach to Developing Potent EGFR Inhibitors for Breast Cancer─Design, Synthesis, and In Vitro Evaluation

“…Unfortunately, the development of novel medicine is typically time-consuming and expensive and requires a significant number of resources . The drug development process can be significantly speeded up by using cheminformatics. , Cheminformatics is a multidisciplinary field that uses computational and information technologies to find solutions to a wide range of problems in chemistry .…”