Abstract:We report the structure-activity relationship of quinoline and quinazoline derivatives, which include urea, thiourea, urethane, and acylthiourea groups, as inhibitors of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor autophosphorylation. Our previous studies showed that the quinoline and quinazoline derivatives including urea, thiourea, and carbamate groups were highly potent compounds as the PDGF receptor autophosphorylation inhibitor, but these compounds did not exhibit receptor selectivity between the P… Show more
“…4A). We then blocked either PDGFR activity using PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor V, which inhibits ligand-induced PDGFR phosphorylation and kinase activity (45), or endogenous PDGFR ligands using PDGF-B and pan-PDGF neutralizing Abs. Results showed that invadosome formation induced by PDGF-B in control synovial cells or already elevated in RA cells was abolished by the addition of PDGF neutralizing Abs or PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor V (Fig.…”
Section: Signaling Through Pdgfr Is Required For the Enhanced Invadosmentioning
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a major role in invasive joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This prodestructive phenotype has been shown to involve autocrine TGF-β that triggers formation of matrix-degrading invadosomes through molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor (PDGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) has been shown to cooperate with TGF-β in various pathological conditions. We therefore sought to determine whether RTK activity played a role in invadosome biogenesis. We demonstrated that, among the common RTKs, PDGFR-αβ was specifically phosphorylated in FLS from RA patients. Phosphorylation of PDGFR-αβ was also elevated in RA synovial tissues. Interference with PDGFR activation or PDGF neutralization inhibited invadosome formation in RA synoviocytes, indicating the presence of an autocrine PDGFR activation loop that involved endogenous PDGF. Among the PDGF-A–D isoforms, only PDGF-B was found both significantly elevated in FLS lines from RA patients, and related to high-invadosome forming cells. Addition of TGF-β upregulated invadosome formation, PDGF-B mRNA expression, and phosphorylation of PDGFR. All of these functions were efficiently suppressed by TGF-β neutralization or interference with the Smad/TβR1or PI3K/Akt pathway. Among the class 1 PI3K family proteins known to be expressed in RA synoviocytes, PI3Kα was selectively involved in PDGF-B expression, whereas both PI3Kα and PI3Kδ participated in invadosome formation. Our findings demonstrate that PDGFR is a critical RTK required for the prodestructive phenotype of RA synovial cells. They also provide evidence for an association between autocrine TGF-β and PDGFR-mediated invadosome formation in RA synoviocytes that involves the production of PDGF-B induced by TGF-β.
“…4A). We then blocked either PDGFR activity using PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor V, which inhibits ligand-induced PDGFR phosphorylation and kinase activity (45), or endogenous PDGFR ligands using PDGF-B and pan-PDGF neutralizing Abs. Results showed that invadosome formation induced by PDGF-B in control synovial cells or already elevated in RA cells was abolished by the addition of PDGF neutralizing Abs or PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor V (Fig.…”
Section: Signaling Through Pdgfr Is Required For the Enhanced Invadosmentioning
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a major role in invasive joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This prodestructive phenotype has been shown to involve autocrine TGF-β that triggers formation of matrix-degrading invadosomes through molecular mechanisms that are not fully elucidated. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor (PDGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) has been shown to cooperate with TGF-β in various pathological conditions. We therefore sought to determine whether RTK activity played a role in invadosome biogenesis. We demonstrated that, among the common RTKs, PDGFR-αβ was specifically phosphorylated in FLS from RA patients. Phosphorylation of PDGFR-αβ was also elevated in RA synovial tissues. Interference with PDGFR activation or PDGF neutralization inhibited invadosome formation in RA synoviocytes, indicating the presence of an autocrine PDGFR activation loop that involved endogenous PDGF. Among the PDGF-A–D isoforms, only PDGF-B was found both significantly elevated in FLS lines from RA patients, and related to high-invadosome forming cells. Addition of TGF-β upregulated invadosome formation, PDGF-B mRNA expression, and phosphorylation of PDGFR. All of these functions were efficiently suppressed by TGF-β neutralization or interference with the Smad/TβR1or PI3K/Akt pathway. Among the class 1 PI3K family proteins known to be expressed in RA synoviocytes, PI3Kα was selectively involved in PDGF-B expression, whereas both PI3Kα and PI3Kδ participated in invadosome formation. Our findings demonstrate that PDGFR is a critical RTK required for the prodestructive phenotype of RA synovial cells. They also provide evidence for an association between autocrine TGF-β and PDGFR-mediated invadosome formation in RA synoviocytes that involves the production of PDGF-B induced by TGF-β.
“…By analyzing the relationship between molecular structure and activity, it was found that the compound, in which both R 1 and R 2 are OCH 3 or CH 3 , or one is OCH 3 and the other is CH 3 , possesses relatively high phytotoxic activity.…”
Section: Phytotoxic Activitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Heterocyclic acylthioureas exhibit excellent biological activities, such as fungicidal, 1) insecticidal, 2) antitumor 3) and regulation of plant growth, 4) and some acylthioureas containing 4,6-disubstitued pyrimidinyl possess herbicidal activity. 5) Additionally, N-4,6-disubstitued pyrimidinyl acylthiourea can be transformed into fused heterocyclic derivative (e.g.…”
Eight N- [3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-ylcarbonyl]-N′-(4,6-disubstituted pyrimidin-2-yl)thioureas and eight 5,7-disubstituted-2-[3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl isoxazol-4-ylcarbonylimino]-2H-1,2,4-thiadiazolo[2,3-α]pyrimidines were synthesized by multi-step reactions in yields of 50-85%. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by IR, 1 H NMR spectra and elemental analyses. Phytotoxic activities against Echinochloa crus-galli L., Digitaria ciliaris L., Brassica napus L. and Chenopodium serotinum L. were evaluated by the culture dish method. Preliminary bioassay results indicated that some target compounds exhibited good phytotoxic activity at a dose of 100 mg/L, with an inhibitory rate of 76.0-85.6% on root growth, even higher than the control herbicide, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl.
“…Treatment of quinazolinone 5 in refluxing phosphorus oxychloride afforded the chloroquinazoline derivative in good yield (>90%). In series B, compound 10 was prepared according to procedures previously described by Furuta et al 41 using methyl 2-amino-4,5-dimethoxybenzoate 8 as starting material. To prepare series C, the same synthesis route was employed as for series A.…”
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