Identification of polymorphisms and transcriptional activity of the proto-oncogene KIT located on both autosomal and B chromosomes of the Chinese raccoon dog

Li, Y M; Zhang, Y; Zhu, Wen; Yan, Shouqing; Sun, Jun-hong

doi:10.4238/gmr.15017398

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Nucleolus organiser region (NOR)-like and telomeric sequences were also reported in B chromosomes of the Chinese raccoon dog [Wurster-Hill et al, 1988;Szczerbal and Switonski, 2003]. However, the finding of coding DNA sequences in canid B chromosomes, identified as duplicated genes shared with A chromosomes, changed the previous view [Graphodatsky et al, 2005;Yudkin et al, 2007;Duke Becker et al, 2011;Li et al, 2016].…”

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confidence: 42%

Satellite DNA Sequences in Canidae and Their Chromosome Distribution in Dog and Red Fox

Vozdová¹,

Kubı́čková²,

Černohorská³

et al. 2016

Cytogenet Genome Res

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Satellite DNA is a characteristic component of mammalian centromeric heterochromatin, and a comparative analysis of its evolutionary dynamics can be used for phylogenetic studies. We analysed satellite and satellite-like DNA sequences available in NCBI for 4 species of the family Canidae (red fox, Vulpes vulpes, VVU; domestic dog, Canis familiaris, CFA; arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus, VLA; raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, NPR) by comparative sequence analysis, which revealed 86-90% intraspecies and 76-79% interspecies similarity. Comparative fluorescence in situ hybridisation in the red fox and dog showed signals of the red fox satellite probe in canine and vulpine autosomal centromeres, on VVUY, B chromosomes, and in the distal parts of VVU9q and VVU10p which were shown to contain nucleolus organiser regions. The CFA satellite probe stained autosomal centromeres only in the dog. The CFA satellite-like DNA did not show any significant sequence similarity with the satellite DNA of any species analysed and was localised to the centromeres of 9 canine chromosome pairs. No significant heterochromatin block was detected on the B chromosomes of the red fox. Our results show extensive heterogeneity of satellite sequences among Canidae and prove close evolutionary relationships between the red and arctic fox.

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contrasting

confidence: 42%

Satellite DNA Sequences in Canidae and Their Chromosome Distribution in Dog and Red Fox

Vozdová¹,

Kubı́čková²,

Černohorská³

et al. 2016

Cytogenet Genome Res

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“…Protooncogene KIT was discovered in both NPP and NPV Bs [ 18 ]. In NPP, B chromosomal copies of KIT were found to be enriched with sequence variants, but not transcribed [ 63 ]. Using PCR mapping it was shown that the KIT region in NPP Bs also includes the 5′ part of neighboring KDR gene [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequencing of Supernumerary Chromosomes of Red Fox and Raccoon Dog Confirms a Non-Random Gene Acquisition by B Chromosomes

Makunin

Romanenko

Beklemisheva

et al. 2018

Genes

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B chromosomes (Bs) represent a variable addition to the main karyotype in some lineages of animals and plants. Bs accumulate through non-Mendelian inheritance and become widespread in populations. Despite the presence of multiple genes, most Bs lack specific phenotypic effects, although their influence on host genome epigenetic status and gene expression are recorded. Previously, using sequencing of isolated Bs of ruminants and rodents, we demonstrated that Bs originate as segmental duplications of specific genomic regions, and subsequently experience pseudogenization and repeat accumulation. Here, we used a similar approach to characterize Bs of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes L.) and the Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides Gray). We confirm the previous findings of the KIT gene on Bs of both species, but demostrate an independent origin of Bs in these species, with two reused regions. Comparison of gene ensembles in Bs of canids, ruminants, and rodents once again indicates enrichment with cell-cycle genes, development-related genes, and genes functioning in the neuron synapse. The presence of B-chromosomal copies of genes involved in cell-cycle regulation and tissue differentiation may indicate importance of these genes for B chromosome establishment.

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“…Two other enzymes, DOPAchrome tautomerase ( DCT ) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 ( TYRP1 ), influence the nature of the intermediates and properties of the eumelanins20. Research on KIT 31 in raccoon dog reveals that the B Chinese raccoon dog version of KIT lacks transcriptional activity. We surmised that the expression of KIT is not an influencing factor in the B mutation from the W. Moreover, our transcriptome results showed that the expression of the TYR, TYRP1 and MC1R genes was significantly down-regulated in B, which was verified via qRT-PCR, although MITF was not down-regulated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Raccoon Dog Skin to Determine Melanin Content in Hair and Melanin Distribution in Skin

Zhao

Song

Xing

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is an important canid fur-bearing animal species worldwide. Chinese raccoon dogs that present a white mutation, especially those with a white coat. Exploring melanin biosynthesis in the hair and skin of raccoon dogs is important for understanding the survival and evolutionary mechanisms of them. In this study, we measured the content of melanin in the hair of two types of raccoon dog and generated stained slices of skin tissue. The results indicated that melanin biosynthesis occurs in the wild-type (W) and white-type (B) raccoon dog skin, although less melanin is produced in B skin. We then sequenced the skin transcriptomes of W and B, compared the similarities and differences in expressed genes. A comparison of the gene expression showed 60 up-regulated genes and 127 down-regulated genes in B skin. We analyzed the unigenes and pathways related to the melanogenesis pathway and found that TYR, TYRP1, MC1R, SLC24a5, SLC45a2 and OCA2 were significantly down-regulated in B skin and these results were verified via qRT-PCR. We surmised that the phenotypic characteristics of the white mutation might be caused by the reduced expression of these genes and this finding provides new insights for future experiments in raccoon dogs.

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Identification of polymorphisms and transcriptional activity of the proto-oncogene KIT located on both autosomal and B chromosomes of the Chinese raccoon dog

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Satellite DNA Sequences in Canidae and Their Chromosome Distribution in Dog and Red Fox

Satellite DNA Sequences in Canidae and Their Chromosome Distribution in Dog and Red Fox

Sequencing of Supernumerary Chromosomes of Red Fox and Raccoon Dog Confirms a Non-Random Gene Acquisition by B Chromosomes

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Raccoon Dog Skin to Determine Melanin Content in Hair and Melanin Distribution in Skin

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