Identification of plasmalogens in Bifidobacterium longum, but not in Bifidobacterium animalis

Shiro, Motoo; Sasuga, Yasuhiro; Morisaki, Tomomi; Okubo, Mika; Emura, Takako; Fujino, Takehiko

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-57309-7

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…To our knowledge, the presence of the plasmalogen pPC in the GBS membrane has not been described before. To date, plasmalogens have only been observed in strict anaerobes such as Clostridium and Bifidobacterium [36–38]. Biosynthesis of plasmalogens in bacteria is poorly understood, with the first bacterial desaturase involved in plasmenyl sn -1 vinyl ether bond formation and the first plasmalogen synthase, PlsAR, in Clostridium perfringens only recently identified [39, 40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae membrane phospholipid remodelling in response to human serum

2021

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Streptococcus pneumoniae , S. pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus ; GAS) and S. agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus ; GBS) are major aetiological agents of diseases in humans. The cellular membrane, a crucial site in host–pathogen interactions, is poorly characterized in streptococci. Moreover, little is known about whether or how environmental conditions influence their lipid compositions. Using normal phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization MS, we characterized the phospholipids and glycolipids of S. pneumoniae , GAS and GBS in routine undefined laboratory medium, streptococcal defined medium and, in order to mimic the host environment, defined medium supplemented with human serum. In human serum-supplemented medium, all three streptococcal species synthesize phosphatidylcholine (PC), a zwitterionic phospholipid commonly found in eukaryotes but relatively rare in bacteria. We previously reported that S. pneumoniae utilizes the glycerophosphocholine (GPC) biosynthetic pathway to synthesize PC. Through substrate tracing experiments, we confirm that GAS and GBS scavenge lysoPC, a major metabolite in human serum, thereby using an abbreviated GPC pathway for PC biosynthesis. Furthermore, we found that plasmanyl-PC is uniquely present in the GBS membrane during growth with human serum, suggesting GBS possesses unusual membrane biochemical or biophysical properties. In summary, we report cellular lipid remodelling by the major pathogenic streptococci in response to metabolites present in human serum.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae membrane phospholipid remodelling in response to human serum

2021

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“…To our knowledge, the presence of the plasmalogen pPC in the GBS membrane has not been described before. To date, plasmalogens have only been observed in strict anaerobes such as Clostridium and Bifidobacterium (35)(36)(37). Biosynthesis of plasmalogens in bacteria is poorly understood, with the first bacterial desaturase involved in plasmenyl sn-1 vinyl ether bond formation and the first plasmalogen synthase, PlsAR, in Clostridium perfringens only recently identified (38,39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and S. agalactiae membrane phospholipid remodeling in response to human serum

Joyce

Guan²,

Palmer

2021

Preprint

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Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus; GAS), and S. agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus; GBS) are major etiological agents of diseases in humans. The cellular membrane, a crucial site in host-pathogen interactions, is poorly characterized in streptococci. Moreover, little is known about whether or how environmental conditions influence their lipid compositions. Using normal phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, we characterized the phospholipids and glycolipids of S. pneumoniae, GAS, and GBS in routine undefined laboratory medium, streptococcal defined medium, and, in order to mimic the host environment, defined medium supplemented with human serum. In human serum-supplemented medium, all three streptococcal species synthesize phosphatidylcholine (PC), a zwitterionic phospholipid commonly found in eukaryotes but relatively rare in bacteria. We previously reported that S. pneumoniae utilizes the glycerophosphocholine (GPC) biosynthetic pathway to synthesize PC. Through substrate tracing experiments, we confirm that GAS and GBS scavenge lysoPC, a major metabolite in human serum, thereby using an abbreviated GPC pathway for PC biosynthesis. Furthermore, we found that plasmanyl-PC is uniquely present in the GBS membrane during growth with human serum, suggesting GBS possesses unusual membrane biochemical or biophysical properties. In summary, we report cellular lipid remodeling by the major pathogenic streptococci in response to metabolites present in human serum.

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“…Phospholipase A1 hydrolyses the acyl bond at the sn-1 position of glycerophospholipids; however, it does not act on the alkenyl and alkyl bonds of phospholipids. Therefore, the treatment of total lipids from the brain with phospholipase A1 leaves intact only the ether phospholipids of all classes of glycerophospholipids, including plasmalogens 23 . According to a study reporting plasmalogen extraction 24 , EPl-rich brain lipids were prepared from a mixture of five whole brains for the purposes of cell cultures for 2D LC–MS analyses (details are provided online in the Supplementary Methods).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced gonadotroph stimulation by ethanolamine plasmalogens in old bovine brains

Kadokawa

Kotaniguchi

Kereilwe

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Ethanolamine plasmalogens (EPls), unique alkenylacyl-glycerophospholipids, are the only known ligands of G-protein-coupled receptor 61—a novel receptor co-localised with gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors on anterior pituitary gonadotrophs. Brain EPl decreases with age. Commercial EPl—extracted from the cattle brain (unidentified age)—can independently stimulate FSH secretion from gonadotrophs. We hypothesised that there exists an age-related difference in the quality, quantity, and ability of bovine brain EPls to stimulate bovine gonadotrophs. We compared the brains of young (about 26 month old heifers) and old (about 90 month old cows) Japanese Black bovines, including EPls obtained from both groups. Additionally, mRNA expressions of the EPl biosynthesis enzymes, glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase, alkylglycerone phosphate synthase, and fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (FAR1) were evaluated in young and old hypothalami. The old-brain EPl did not stimulate FSH secretion from gonadotrophs, unlike the young-brain EPl. Molecular species of EPl were compared using two-dimensional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We identified 20 EPl molecular species of which three and three exhibited lower (P < 0.05) and higher (P < 0.05) ratios, respectively, in old compared to young brains. In addition, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detected higher FAR1 levels in the POA, but not in the ARC&ME tissues, of old cows than that of fertile young heifers. Therefore, old-brain EPl may be associated with age-related infertility.

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Identification of plasmalogens in Bifidobacterium longum, but not in Bifidobacterium animalis

Cited by 16 publications

References 69 publications

Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae membrane phospholipid remodelling in response to human serum

Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and S. agalactiae membrane phospholipid remodelling in response to human serum

Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, and S. agalactiae membrane phospholipid remodeling in response to human serum

Reduced gonadotroph stimulation by ethanolamine plasmalogens in old bovine brains

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