Identification of piRNAs in the central nervous system

Lee, Eun Joo; Banerjee, Sourav; Zhou, Hongjun; Jammalamadaka, Aruna; Arcila, Mary Luz; Manjunath, B. S.; Kosik, Kenneth S.

doi:10.1261/rna.2565011

Cited by 258 publications

(313 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Although Mov10l1 is also expressed as a cardiac-specific isoform in the heart and plays a role in a cardiac-specific regulatory pathway for piRNA processing and/or transcriptional control, full-length Mov10l1 seems to be specifically found in the mouse male germline and Mov10l1 K/K mice impaired only spermatogenesis as we referred to above (Frost et al 2010). Studies in mice have identified the presence of piRNAs in neurons and play a role in spine morphogenesis (Lee et al 2011). Thus, on the basis of the reviewed evidence, it can be proposed that piRNAs play much broader roles than it have been previously appreciated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Deep sequencing of piRNA libraries led to the revelation that piRNAs have a very complex nature of sequences, corresponding to several million individual piRNA clusters as opposed to miRNA clusters, which are numbered in the hundreds (Grivna et al 2006b, Aravin & Bourc'his 2008. Lee et al (2011) previously reported the presence of piRNAs in the mice neurons. In another study, neuronally expressed piRNAs were subjected to deep sequencing and validation by Northern blotting.…”

Section: Role Of Mov10l1mentioning

confidence: 98%

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MOV10L1 in piRNA processing and gene silencing of retrotransposons during spermatogenesis

Zhu

Zhi

2015

Reproduction

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Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a broad group of non-coding small RNAs with important biological functions in germline cells. It is well known that piRNAs can maintain genome integrity via silencing retrotransposons. Previous studies on the animal models harboring gene deletions have shown that the genes involved in piRNA biogenesis and their defective expression can result in the spermatogenic dysfunction. In the past decade, significant progress has been achieved for piRNAs and their roles in male germ cells. This review addresses the advances on piRNAs and piRNA biogenesis-associated genes, with a particular focus on the Moloney leukemia virus 10-like 1 (MOV10L1) gene, whose role in primary piRNA processing and in the 'ping-pong' cycle during secondary piRNA processing has been illustrated. The biological characteristics of piRNA has been summarized, and emphasis was laid on the roles of MOV10L1 in the mediation of piRNA biogenesis and retrotransposons silencing by DNA methylation. Furthermore, the association between MOV10L1 gene polymorphisms and complete maturation arrest in men has been discussed. Hence, thorough literature review was conducted in order to obtain a greater understanding of the function of MOV10L1 and its mechanisms underlying spermatogenesis in mice and humans. Free Chinese abstract: A Chinese translation of this abstract is freely available at

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Role Of Mov10l1mentioning

confidence: 98%

MOV10L1 in piRNA processing and gene silencing of retrotransposons during spermatogenesis

Zhu

Zhi

2015

Reproduction

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“…It will be fascinating to see whether the resulting genetic heterogeneity in these cells may be associated with learning processes. In the mouse, MIWI:piRNA complexes have also been detected in the hippocampus (Lee et al, 2011). Furthermore, piRNAs are present in the nervous system and other somatic tissues of the sea slug Aplysia, where they positively regulate long-term synaptic facilitation (Rajasethupathy et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

piRNAs: from biogenesis to function

2014

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Distinguishing self from non-self plays a crucial role in safeguarding the germlines of metazoa from mobile DNA elements. Since their discovery less than a decade ago, Piwi-interacting RNAs ( piRNAs) have been shown to repress transposable elements in the germline and, hence, have been at the forefront of research aimed at understanding the mechanisms that maintain germline integrity. More recently, roles for piRNAs in gene regulation have emerged. In this Review, we highlight recent advances made in understanding piRNA function, highlighting the divergent nature of piRNA biogenesis in different organisms, and discussing the mechanisms of piRNA action during transcriptional regulation and in transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.

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“…PiRNA-like RNAs and/or PIWI proteins have been described in primate pluripotent cells (Marchetto et al 2013), human hematopoietic cells (Sharma et al 2001;Cichocki et al 2010), and some other somatic cells including neurons (Lee et al 2011;Yan et al 2011;Rajasethupathy et al 2012), a critical target cell of modern bornaviruses. Notably neurons, like germ cells, are permissive to retrotransposition (Upton et al 2015) and relatively nonresponsive to type I interferons (Lin et al 2013;Kreit et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

piRNAs derived from ancient viral processed pseudogenes as transgenerational sequence-specific immune memory in mammals

Parrish

Fujino

Shiromoto

et al. 2015

RNA

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Endogenous bornavirus-like nucleoprotein elements (EBLNs) are sequences within vertebrate genomes derived from reverse transcription and integration of ancient bornaviral nucleoprotein mRNA via the host retrotransposon machinery. While species with EBLNs appear relatively resistant to bornaviral disease, the nature of this association is unclear. We hypothesized that EBLNs could give rise to antiviral interfering RNA in the form of PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), a class of small RNA known to silence transposons but not exogenous viruses. We found that in both rodents and primates, which acquired their EBLNs independently some 25-40 million years ago, EBLNs are present within piRNA-generating regions of the genome far more often than expected by chance alone (P = 8 × 10 −3 -6 × 10 −8 ). Three of the seven human EBLNs fall within annotated piRNA clusters and two marmoset EBLNs give rise to bona fide piRNAs. In both rats and mice, at least two of the five EBLNs give rise to abundant piRNAs in the male gonad. While no EBLNs are syntenic between rodent and primate, some of the piRNA clusters containing EBLNs are; thus we deduce that EBLNs were integrated into existing piRNA clusters. All true piRNAs derived from EBLNs are antisense relative to the proposed ancient bornaviral nucleoprotein mRNA. These observations are consistent with a role for EBLN-derived piRNA-like RNAs in interfering with ancient bornaviral infection. They raise the hypothesis that retrotransposon-dependent virus-to-host gene flow could engender RNA-mediated, sequence-specific antiviral immune memory in metazoans analogous to the CRISPR/Cas system in prokaryotes.

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Identification of piRNAs in the central nervous system

Cited by 258 publications

References 38 publications

MOV10L1 in piRNA processing and gene silencing of retrotransposons during spermatogenesis

MOV10L1 in piRNA processing and gene silencing of retrotransposons during spermatogenesis

piRNAs: from biogenesis to function

piRNAs derived from ancient viral processed pseudogenes as transgenerational sequence-specific immune memory in mammals

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