Identification of pinitol as a main sugar constituent and changes in its content during flower bud development in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

Ichimura, Kazuo; Kohata, Katsunori; Koketsu, Mamoru; Shimamura, Misa; Ito, Akiko

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(98)80248-4

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…3), suggesting that accumulation of these sugars in the vacuole largely contributes to the decrease in osmotic potential of the symplast. In the petals of many plants, including the rose (Yamada et al, 2009a), carnation (Ichimura et al, 1998), and chrysanthemum (Ichimura et al, 2000), however, glucose and fructose concentrations increase, while sucrose concentrations do not increase, during flower opening. In the vacuoles of rose petals, glucose and fructose concentrations increased, but sucrose concentration did not increase during flower opening (Yamada et al, 2009a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cell expansion requires accumulation of osmotically active compounds, which facilitate water influx to the cell. In the petals of many flowers, including the carnation (Ichimura et al, 1998) and chrysanthemum (Ichimura et al, 2000), glucose and fructose contents increased during flower opening. In Gladiolus and Hemerocallis flowers, a decrease in osmotic potential induced by sugar accumulation is associated with flower opening (Bieleski, 1993;Yamane et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of Soluble Carbohydrates and Their Subcellular Concentrations in Petals during Flower Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

et al. 2016

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Petal growth associated with flower opening is due to cell expansion. To elucidate the role of soluble carbohydrates in expansion of petal cells in Eustoma grandiflorum, its soluble carbohydrates were identified, and changes in their subcellular concentrations during flower opening were investigated. In addition to glucose, fructose, sucrose, and myo-inositol, D-bornesitol was identified using 1 H-NMR. D-Bornesitol was the major soluble carbohydrate in leaves and stems. Given that cyclitols are known to be the translocated carbohydrates in alfalfa, phloem exudate was analyzed. However, the translocated carbohydrate was suggested to be sucrose, and not D-bornesitol. In the petals, glucose and sucrose content increased whereas D-bornesitol and myo-inositol contents were almost constant during flower opening. The fructose content in petals was very low. Glucose, sucrose, myo-inositol, and D-bornesitol were found mainly in the vacuole, although sucrose was also found in the cytoplasm. In the petals of open flowers, glucose and sucrose concentrations in the vacuole increased to 60 and 53 mM. Inorganic ion concentrations in the symplast and apoplast did not increase during flower opening. The osmotic potential of the symplast and apoplast in the petals was lower at the open stage than the potential of those at the bud stage, and this difference was mainly attributed to increases in glucose and sucrose concentrations. The results suggest that the accumulation of glucose and sucrose in the vacuole reduces the symplastic osmotic potential, which appears to be involved in the cell expansion associated with flower opening, but that the contribution of D-bornesitol as an osmoticum to cell expansion is limited in Eustoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Soluble Carbohydrates and Their Subcellular Concentrations in Petals during Flower Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

et al. 2016

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“…Soluble carbohydrates, which act as osmotica and substrates for both respiration and cell wall synthesis for cell expansion, accumulate in the petal cells of many flowers, including rose (Evans and Reid, 1988), carnation (Ichimura et al, 1998) and daylily (Bieleski, 1993). Exogenous carbohydrate supply promotes the opening of cut flowers (van Doorn et al, 1991;Ichimura et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Division and Expansion Growth during Rose Petal Development

Yamada

Norikoshi

Suzuki

et al. 2009

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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There have been few reports on the morphology of flower opening, despite its horticultural significance. It is not clear when cell division stops during rose petal development or what changes occur in cell morphology. This study aims to clarify the details of cell morphological changes during rose petal development. Rose (Rosa hybrida L. 'Sonia') petals were sampled in six flower bud stages. Cell morphological changes were observed by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy using cross sections of the petals, and the number of epidermal cells was measured using Nomarski differential interference contrast microscopy. The number of epidermal cells increased with flower opening, but the rate of increase in the number of abaxial epidermal cells slowed down at an earlier stage than in adaxial epidermal cells. The increase in the epidermal cell area was much more rapid in later stages compared with the increase in cell number, suggesting that petal growth in later stages is mainly due to cell expansion. During flower opening, the unique expansion of spongy parenchyma cells produced large air spaces. Epidermal cells of the upper part showed obvious lateral expansion. In particular, marked expansion of adaxial epidermal cells with enlargement of the central vacuole was observed. Differences in the patterns of cell expansion among cell types and locations would contribute to the reflex of petals during rose flower opening.

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“…Paul and Cockburn (1989) proposed that pinitol might function as a compatible solute in the cytosol and especially in the chloroplasts to counteract salt stress in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. In cut carnation, pinitol may act as an osmolyte in the cytoplasm (Ichimura et al, 1998). In potted carnations, water stress and high temperature increased Fv/Fm in the leaves (Table 1), and low light intensity induced chlorophyll degradation (Yamane et al, 2008).…”

Section: Roles Of Pinitol In Potted Carnationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The light compensation points of single leaves were estimated at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 10 to 13 μmol·m −2 ·s −1 for potted carnations (Yamane et al, 2008); therefore, the carbohydrate source can be limited and insufficient for opening florets under indoor conditions. Ichimura et al (1998) reported that pinitol is a major constituent of soluble carbohydrates in cut carnation flowers. D-Pinitol is a cyclitol and a major component of soluble carbohydrates in the Pinaceae, Leguminosae, and Caryophyllaceae (Murakeözy et al, 2002;Nguyen and Lamant, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Light Intensity, Number of Florets, and Water Stress on Quality and Soluble Carbohydrate Contents of Potted Carnation

Yamane

Inotsume

Nakajima

et al. 2010

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The indoor display life of potted carnations 'Annemarie' is limited to 12 days because of its low flowering ability under low-light conditions (15 µmol·m −2 ·s −1 PPFD, 20°C). When commercially grown potted carnations were transferred to indoor (low-light) conditions, dry weight and total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) decreased during the first 6 days after transfer (DAT), remained constant until 10 DAT, and then increased at 14 DAT. Glucose, fructose, and sucrose contents decreased markedly during the first 6 DAT and then gradually decreased. Pinitol content was unchanged until 10 DAT and then slightly increased at 14 DAT. After 30 days in indoor conditions, the concentrations of fructose, glucose, and sucrose in leaves declined to barely detectable levels, while the pinitol content was unchanged. By the end of 30 days, pinitol accounted for 79% of TSC. In another experiment, potted carnations were grown under water-stress conditions (0. ·s −1 for 1 day) on flowering. At 20 DAT, flowers in the high-light treatment showed higher TSC than those in the low-light treatment; however, levels of pinitol were significantly higher in plants grown under low-light conditions. These results suggested that thinning flower buds and growing plants under high-light conditions could alleviate the carbohydrate shortage that occurs in indoor conditions, and could improve the quality and display life of potted carnations. We discuss the roles of pinitol in carnation plants under stress conditions.

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Identification of pinitol as a main sugar constituent and changes in its content during flower bud development in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

Cited by 40 publications

References 22 publications

Identification of Soluble Carbohydrates and Their Subcellular Concentrations in Petals during Flower Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

Identification of Soluble Carbohydrates and Their Subcellular Concentrations in Petals during Flower Opening in <i>Eustoma grandiflorum</i>

Cell Division and Expansion Growth during Rose Petal Development

Effects of Light Intensity, Number of Florets, and Water Stress on Quality and Soluble Carbohydrate Contents of Potted Carnation

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