Identification of pigments and binders of a 17th century mural painting (Bolivia). New report on pigments associated with Andean minerals

Tomasini, Eugenia; Costantini, Ilaria; Careaga, Valeria P.; Landa, Carlos Rúa; Castro, Kepa; Madariaga, Juan Manuel; Maier, Marta S.; Siracusano, Gabriela

doi:10.1016/j.culher.2023.05.030

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The main bands identifying this mineral are 148 and 119 cm −1 , corresponding to O-Cu-O bending; 262 cm −1 to lattice modes; 362 cm −1 to Cu-Cl stretching; 513 cm −1 to CuO stretching; and 819, 911, and 973 cm −1 to O-H deformation [19,20]. Additionally, one of the samples (ANC05 (AN) in Figure 3) shows bands at 144, 262, 411, 481, 597 986, 1070, and 1168 cm −1 , corresponding to another copper compound, antlerite (Cu3SO4(OH)4) [21], which has already been identified in Andean mural paintings [3,4,22] and has recently been found together with atacamite [23].…”

Section: Green Samplesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Methodologies for the Characterization and Identification of Natural Atacamite as a Pigment in Andean Colonial Painting

Haro

Córdova

Landa³

et al. 2023

Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Painting materials used in Spanish American Colonial art comprised pigments and binders from European origin as well as those that were already known in pre-Hispanic times. In recent years, we have identified for the first time the mineral atacamite, a basic copper chloride (Cu2Cl(OH)3), in Andean Colonial art pieces (Viceroyalty of Peru, 16th–18th centuries). This work proposes a methodology based on a multitechnical approach to identify and establish the origin (natural or synthetic) of the atacamite pigment in Andean cultural heritage objects. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (pXRF), attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) were applied to analyse green pigments from the altarpiece of the Church of Ancoraimes, atacamite mineral samples from Chile, and atacamite obtained as a secondary product from traditional recipes used to produce verdigris, a copper acetate. Viride salsum by Teófilo Presbítero (SXII) and the Spanish translation by Andrés de Laguna (1566) of “De Materia Médica” from Dioscorides are both texts that include recipes involving the use of metallic copper as a starting material. These studies will contribute to the history of Spanish American Colonial art and to the knowledge on technological capacities and skills in the Andean region during this period.

show abstract

Section: Green Samplesmentioning

confidence: 82%

Methodologies for the Characterization and Identification of Natural Atacamite as a Pigment in Andean Colonial Painting

Haro

Córdova

Landa³

et al. 2023

Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similar to FT-IR, Raman mapping has recently been used for qualitatively analyzing ancient wall paintings as a non-destructive, fast, and accurate detection method that obtains more intuitive visualizations of pigment compositions based on two-dimensional and three-dimensional distributions. 34–39 Particularly, Raman empty modeling is an ideal chemometric method for extracting chemical information from Raman mapping data, where the spectra of the key components are determined and high-quality images are generated of their distributions. Raman mapping can also be combined with PCA, partial least squares, and cluster analysis to quantitatively analyze sample spectral data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Prediction of the Mixed Mineral Pigment Content of Ancient Chinese Wall Paintings Based on Multiple Spectroscopic Techniques

Zou,

Yeo

2024

Appl Spectrosc

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study first developed non-destructive and accurate methods to predict the relative contents of mixed mineral pigments in ancient Chinese wall paintings using multiple spectroscopic techniques. The colorimetry, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were employed. Analyses were conducted including color difference, spectral reflection, ATR FT-IR spectra, and Raman mapping for simulated samples (malachite–lazurite mixed with rabbit glue samples) before and after aging. Models were then established for predicting the relative pigment contents of samples using UV-Vis-NIR and ATR FT-IR spectral data with Beer–Lambert law, and mathematical methods comprising principal component analysis (PCA) and nonlinear curve fitting. In particular, PCA and empty modeling methods combined with non-negative partial least squares were developed to predict the relative pigment contents based on Raman mapping data. The results demonstrated that approaches comprising PCA, mathematical model, and empty modeling based on the spectral data were effective at predicting the relative pigment contents. The predicted results obtained using the mathematical model based on UV-Vis-NIR spectra had an error of about 2%, and the best prediction based on ATR FT-IR spectra had an error of <3.6% at 1041 cm–1. The errors for the predictions using PCA and empty modeling based on Raman mapping data were 0.01–9.30% and 0.28–7.15%, respectively. However, the predicted relative pigment contents obtained based on ATR FT-IR data combined with the Beer–Lambert law had higher errors. The findings of this study confirm the strong feasibility of using spectroscopic techniques for quantitatively analyzing mixed mineral pigments.

show abstract

“…The study of mural paintings is a complex process in which various scientific areas must participate to consider the type of mortars, pigments, and aggregates [21], painting techniques [22,23], additives [24], decay [25,26], conservation treatments [27], biodeterioration [28], and iconography. Different analytical techniques are used for mural painting characterisation: petrographic microscopy [29]; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) [30]; X-ray diffraction (XRD) [31]; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [32]; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) (SEM-EDX) [33], and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) [34]. All these, among other techniques, have been extensively used in the study of ancient artworks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mural Paintings Characterisation Using X-ray Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy—A Case Study: Nossa Senhora das Neves Chapel, Vilar de Perdizes, Galicia—North Portugal Euroregion

Freire-Lista,

Vázquez,

Barreiro Castro

et al. 2023

Heritage

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sixteenth-century mural paintings of Nossa Senhora das Neves in Vilar de Perdizes (Galicia—North Portugal Euroregion) were analysed. An iconographic study has allowed us to understand the meaning of the seven scenes that constitute the mural painting. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Raman spectroscopies determined the compounds used in this mural painting, both in the original and in later repaintings. The black paint was bone black. Hydroxyapatite characteristic bands and those of the associated phosphates have been identified. White lime was used as white paint. Lepidocrocite and goethite were used to make yellows, and hematite was used to make red shades. Cinnabar has been used for a later red repaint. Carbon-based compounds and rutile were used to create different tonalities by darkening or lightening colours. It is of great significance to obtain accurate and reliable mural painting information through scientific means, since preservation, restoration, and repainting without detailed information can be harmful to mural paintings.

show abstract

Identification of pigments and binders of a 17th century mural painting (Bolivia). New report on pigments associated with Andean minerals

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

Methodologies for the Characterization and Identification of Natural Atacamite as a Pigment in Andean Colonial Painting

Methodologies for the Characterization and Identification of Natural Atacamite as a Pigment in Andean Colonial Painting

Non-Destructive Prediction of the Mixed Mineral Pigment Content of Ancient Chinese Wall Paintings Based on Multiple Spectroscopic Techniques

Mural Paintings Characterisation Using X-ray Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy—A Case Study: Nossa Senhora das Neves Chapel, Vilar de Perdizes, Galicia—North Portugal Euroregion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About